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Introduction to Conformal Invariance and Its Applications to Critical Phenomena
The history of critical phenomena goes back to the year 1869 when Andrews discovered the critical point of carbon dioxide, located at about 31°C and 73 atmospheres pressure. In the neighborhood ofthis point the carbon dioxide was observed to become opalescent, that is, light is strongly scattered. This is nowadays interpreted as comingfrom the strong fluctuations of the system close to the critical point. Subsequently, a wide varietyofphysicalsystems were realized to display critical points as well. Ofparticular importance was the observation of a critical point in ferromagnetic iron by Curie. Further examples include multicomponent fluids and alloys, superfluids, superconductors, polymers ...
Conformal Invariance and Critical Phenomena
Critical phenomena arise in a wide variety of physical systems. Classi cal examples are the liquid-vapour critical point or the paramagnetic ferromagnetic transition. Further examples include multicomponent fluids and alloys, superfluids, superconductors, polymers and fully developed tur bulence and may even extend to the quark-gluon plasma and the early uni verse as a whole. Early theoretical investigators tried to reduce the problem to a very small number of degrees of freedom, such as the van der Waals equation and mean field approximations, culminating in Landau's general theory of critical phenomena. Nowadays, it is understood that the common ground for all these phenomena lies in the p...
Fugitives
After the Second World War, the Allies vowed to hunt Nazi war criminals “to the ends of the earth.” Yet many slipped away—or were shielded by the West, in exchange for cooperation in the unfolding confrontation with Communism. Reinhard Gehlen, founder of West German foreign intelligence, welcomed SS operatives into the fold, overestimating their supposed capabilities. This shortsighted decision nearly brought down his cherished service, as the KGB found his Nazi operatives easy to turn or expose. However, Gehlen was hardly alone in this cynical strategy; the American, Soviet, French and Israeli secret services—and nationalist organisations and independence movements—all used former...
High Energy Spin Physics
The 9th International Symposium on High Energy Spin Physics, held in Bonn, 6-15 September 1990, attracted 280 participants from 16 countries. This meet ing covered not only fundamental experimental and theoretical spin phenomena but also technological developments in polarized beams and targets. For the first time intermediate energy spin physics with electron machines was discussed extensively. Highlights included the work on polarized high energy electron beams at LEP and TRISTAN and the failure of the standard model in connection with spin phenomena, in particular the growth of the spin asymmetry in violent proton-proton scattering. Also the presentation of different models in con nection...
Nonperturbative Methods In Low Dimensional Quantum Field Theories - Proceedings Of The 14th Johns Hopkins Workshop On Current Problems In Particle Theory
This workshop was devoted to a discussion of recent progress made in the understanding of quantum field theories in spacetimes of less than four dimensions. In fact, the subject reached a certain degree of maturity and since most of the contributors played a major role in that progress, this volume constitutes a definitive treatise on this subject. Some of the subjects dealt with include: Quantum Groups and their Representations; W-Algebras and their Role in Physical Systems; Conformally Invariant Quantum Field Theories; Integrable Systems; Topological Field Theories.
