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AIR CRASH INVESTIGATIONS FAILING BRAKES The Crash of TAM Linhas Aereas Flight JJ3054
On 17 July 2007, at 17:19 local time, an Airbus A-320, operated as flight JJ3054 by TAM Linhas Aéreas, was on its way from Porto Alegre, Brazil, for a domestic flight to Congonhas Airport in São Paulo city, São Paulo State, Brazil. During the landing, at 18:54 local time, the aircraft veered to the left, overran the left edge of the runway, collided with a building, and with a fuel service station. All persons on board - six crewmembers, and 181 passengers - perished. The crash also caused 12 fatalities on the ground. The runway had recently been resurfaced, but it did not yet have water-channeling grooves cut into it to reduce the danger of hydroplaning, making landing during rain a dangerous endeavour. Flight Data Recorder information showed that immediately prior to touchdown, both thrust levers were in CL (or "climb") position, with engine power being governed by the flight computer's autothrottle system.
AIR CRASH INVESTIGATIONS, MISJUDGMENT IN THE VIRGIN ISLANDS The Crash of American Airlines Flight 625
On April 27, 1976, American Airlines, Flight 625, a Boeing 727-95, operated as a scheduled passenger flight from Providence, Rhode Island, to Harry S Truman Airport, Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, with a stop at John F. Kennedy -International Airport, New York. The flight departed JFK at 1200 with 88 persons, including 7 crewmembers, aboard. At about 1510, during landing at the Harry S Truman Airport, Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, flight 625 overran the departure end of runway 9, struck the ILS antenna, crashed through a fence, and came to rest against a building located 1,040 feet beyond the end of the runway. The aircraft was destroyed, 35 passengers and 2 flight attendants were killed. The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of the accident was the captain's actions and his misjudgment in initiating a go-around maneuver with insufficient runway remaining after a long touchdown.
AIR CRASH INVESTIGATIONS EYE OF THE NEEDLE The Crash of British Airways Flight 38
On 28 November 2008, a Boeing 777-200ER, operated by British Airways as flight BA38, on its way from Beijing, China to London (Heathrow), suffered on approach to Heathrow Airport an in-flight engine rollback. At 720 feet agl, the right engine ceased responding to autothrottle commands for increased power and instead the power reduced to 1.03 Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR). Seven seconds later the left engine power reduced to 1.02 EPR. This reduction led to a loss of airspeed and the aircraft touching down some 330 m short of the paved surface of Runway 27L at London Heathrow. The investigation identified that the reduction in thrust was due to restricted fuel flow to both engines. It was determined that the restriction occurred most probably in the Fuel Oil Heat Exchangers. The investigation identified the forming of ice in the fuel system as probable cause. The aircraft was destroyed, but there were no casualties.
AIR CRASH INVESTIGATIONS CAPTAIN IN PANIC The Crash of Armavia Flight 967
On 2 May 2006 Armavia Flight RNV 967, an Airbus A320, was on its way from Zvartnots (Yerevan, Armenia) to Adler (Sochi, Russia). There were 113 occupants on board: 105 passengers (including 5 children and 1 baby), 2 pilots,1 aircraft engineer and 5 flight attendants. Upon approaching Sochi there was confusion in regard to the weather for the scheduled landing. Finally the captain decided to return to Zvartnots, a short while later he reconsidered his decision and started the approach to Sochi after all. Just before final landing air traffic control told the captain to abort the landing. At 22:13 the aircraft struck the water, it broke up on impact, killing all aboard. The investigation concluded that the crash of Armavia Flight 967 was a Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT), specifically water, while conducting a climbing manoeuvre, after an aborted approach, along with inadequate control inputs from the Captain to Sochi airport at night with weather conditions below landing minimums for runway 06.
AIR CRASH INVESTIGATIONS: JAMMED RUDDER KILLS 132, The Crash of USAir Flight 427
The Boeing 737 has a history of rudder system-related anomalies, including numerous instances of jamming. A number of accidents and incidents were the result of the airplanes' unexpected movement of their rudders. During the course of the four and a half year investigation of the crash of USAir Flight 427 near Aliquippa, Pennsylvania, killing 132 people, the NTSB discovered that the PCU's dual servo valve could jam as well as deflect the rudder in the opposite direction of the pilots' input, due to thermal shock, caused when cold PCUs are injected with hot hydraulic fluid. This finally solved the mystery of sudden jamming of the rudders of this aircraft.
Air Crash Investigations
On July 19, 1989, an United Airlines' DC-10-10, on its way from Denver to Chicago, experienced a catastrophic failure of the No. 2 tail-mounted engine during cruise flight. The airplane subsequently crashed during an attempted landing at Sioux Gateway Airport, Iowa. Of the 296 people on board 111 were killed.
AIR CRASH INVESTIGATIONS, WHY DID IT HAPPEN? The Crash of Sikorsky S-76A Helicopter G-BJVX
On March 23, 2004, about 1918:34 central standard time, an Era Aviation Sikorsky S-76A helicopter, N579EH, crashed into the Gulf of Mexico about 70 nautical miles south-southeast of Scholes International Airport (GLS), Galveston, Texas. The helicopter was en route to the drilling ship Discoverer Spirit. The captain, copilot, and eight passengers aboard the helicopter were killed, and the helicopter was destroyed by impact forces. The flight was operating under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 135 on a visual flight rules flight plan. Night visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the flight crew's failure to identify and arrest the helicopter's descent for undetermined reasons, which resulted in controlled flight into terrain.
Air Crash Investigations
This book explains the accident involving Atlantic Southeast Airlines flight 529, an EMB-120RT airplane, which lost a propeller blade and crashed near Carrollton, Georgia, on August 21, 1995. The accident killed 8 people on board. Safety issues in the report focused on manufacturer engineering practices, propeller blade maintenance repair, propeller testing and inspection procedures, the relaying of emergency information by air traffic controllers, crew resource management training, and the design of crash axes carried in aircraft. Recommendations concerning these issues were made to the Federal Aviation Administration.
AIR CRASH INVESTIGATIONS A DISASTROUS SPARK The Crash of TWA 800
On July 17, 1996, about 2031 eastern daylight time, Trans World Airlines, Inc. (TWA) flight 800, a Boeing 747, crashed in the Atlantic Ocean near East Moriches, New York. TWA flight 800 was a scheduled international passenger flight from John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), New York, New York, to Charles DeGaulle International Airport, Paris, France. All 230 people on board were killed, and the airplane was destroyed. The weather was good. The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of the accident was an explosion of the center wing fuel tank, resulting from ignition of the flammable fuel/air mixture in the tank. Contributing factors to the accident were the design and certification concept that fuel tank explosions could be prevented solely by precluding all ignition sources and the design and certification of the Boeing 747. The safety issues in this report focus on fuel tank flammability.
Air Crash Investigations: The End of the Concorde Era, the Crash of Air France Flight 4590
On Tuesday 25 July 2000 Air France Flight AFR 4590, a Concorde registered F-BTSC, took off from Paris Charles de Gaulle, to undertake a charter flight to New York with nine crew members and one hundred passengers on board. During takeoff from runway 26 right at Roissy Charles de Gaulle Airport, a tyre was damaged. A major fire broke out. The aircraft was unable to gain height or speed and crashed onto a hotel, killing all 109 people on board and 4 on the ground. The crash would become the end of the Concorde era.
