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Modern methods and approaches, such as the analysis of molecular sequences to infer evolutionary relationships among organisms, have provided vast new sets of data to further our understanding ofliving organisms, but there remain enigmas in the biological world that will keep scientists working and thinking for decades. Microorganisms by virtue of their small size and almost unbounded diversity provide ample examples of intriguing mysteries that are being challenged with all of the techniques the modern scientific arsenal can provide. One whole arena of this battle to resolve puzzling mysteries about various microorganisms is the almost unbelievable ability of many micro-organisms to live in extreme environments. Whether the challenge is extreme heat, cold, pressure, hyper salinity, alkalinity or acidity, some micro-organisms live now where no life might seem possible. This fascinating state of affairs is the context for this present volume edited by Joseph Seckbach. This Volume is a compilation of many of the especially interesting questions and biological challenges that arise in the consideration of microorganisms in general and the extremophiles in particular.
APCHI 2004 was the sixth Asia-Paci?c Conference on Computer-Human Int- action, and was the ?rst APCHI to be held in New Zealand. This conference series provides opportunities for HCI researchers and practitioners in the Asia- Paci?c and beyond to gather to explore ideas, exchange and share experiences, and further build the HCI networkin this region.APCHI 2004wasa truly int- national event, with presenters representing 17 countries. This year APCHI also incorporated the ?fth SIGCHI New Zealand Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction. A total of 69 papers were accepted for inclusion in the proceedings – 56 long papers and 13 short papers. Submissions were subject to a strict, double-blind p...
A broad, hands on guide with detailed explanations of current methodology, relevant exercises and popular software tools.
Whatdoasupernovaexplosioninouterspace,?owaroundanairfoil and knocking in combustion engines have in common? The physical and chemical mechanisms as well as the sizes of these processes are quite di?erent. So are the motivations for studying them scienti?cally. The super- 8 nova is a thermo-nuclear explosion on a scale of 10 cm. Astrophysicists try to understand them in order to get insight into fundamental properties of the universe. In ?ows around airfoils of commercial airliners at the scale of 3 10 cm shock waves occur that in?uence the stability of the wings as well as fuel consumption in ?ight. This requires appropriate design of the shape and structure of airfoils by engineers. Knockin...
The present volume contains the proceedings of the Third IPM International Conference on Fundamentals of Software Engineering (FSEN), Kish, Iran, April 15–17, 2009. FSEN 2009 was organized by the School of Computer Science at the Institute for Studies in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) in Iran, in cooperation with the ACM SIGSOFT and IFIP WG 2.2. This conference brought together around 100 researchers and practitioners working on di?erent aspects of formal methods in software engineering from 15 di?erentcountries.ThetopicsofinterestinFSENspanoverallaspects offormal methods,especiallythoserelatedtoadvancingtheapplicationofformalmethods in software industry and promoting their integration with pr...
This book provides an updated overview of current international human rights law relating to the police. Around the globe, the police have a special responsibility for the protection of human rights. Police work is governed by national rules and in addition, in today’s world, by the evolving international human rights standards. As a result of the ever-developing case law of international courts and other bodies, the requirements of human rights law on policing have become more and more detailed and complex in recent years. Bringing together a variety of distinguished authors from academia, police forces and other government authorities, the human rights movement, and international organizations, the book discusses topical issues, including the use of deadly force, the prevention of torture, effective investigations, the protection of personal data, and positive obligations of the police.
The bestselling introduction to bioinformatics and genomics – now in its third edition Widely received in its previous editions, Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics offers the most broad-based introduction to this explosive new discipline. Now in a thoroughly updated and expanded third edition, it continues to be the go-to source for students and professionals involved in biomedical research. This book provides up-to-the-minute coverage of the fields of bioinformatics and genomics. Features new to this edition include: Extensive revisions and a slight reorder of chapters for a more effective organization A brand new chapter on next-generation sequencing An expanded companion website, al...
Multilingualism is becoming a social phenomenon governed by the needs of globalization and cultural openness. Owing to the ease of access to information facilitated by the internet, individuals' exposure to multiple languages is becoming increasingly frequent, thereby promoting a need to acquire successful methods in understanding language. Applied Psycholinguistics and Multilingual Cognition in Human Creativity is an essential reference source that discusses the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend, and produce language, as well as its applications in human development, the social sciences, communication theories, and infant development. Featuring research on topics such as international business, language processing, and organizational research, this book is ideally designed for linguists, psychologists, humanities and social sciences researchers, managers, and graduate-level students seeking coverage on language acquisition and communication.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing, SAT 2009, held in Swansea, UK, in June/July 2009. The 34 revised full papers presented together with 11 revised short papers and 2 invited talks were carefully selected from 86 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on applications of SAT, complexity theory, structures for SAT, resolution and SAT, translations to CNF, techniques for conflict-driven SAT Solvers, solving SAT by local search, hybrid SAT solvers, automatic adaption of SAT solvers, stochastic approaches to SAT solving, QBFs and their representations, optimization algorithms, distributed and parallel solving.
This book offers timely insights into research on numerical and experimental fluid mechanics and aerodynamics, mainly for (but not limited to) aerospace applications. It reports on findings by members of the STAB (German Aerospace Aerodynamics Association) and DGLR (German Society for Aeronautics and Astronautics) and covers both nationally and EC-funded projects. Continuing on the tradition of the previous volumes, the book highlights innovative solutions, promoting translation from fundamental research to industrial applications. It addresses academics and professionals in the field of aeronautics, astronautics, ground transportation, and energy alike.