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This book makes available, for the first time, a collection of instantly predictive spreadsheet models for the behaviour of soil contaminants. It provides graphic presentations of predictions which show the separate, but connected, physical and chemical changes, as well as numerical data for these changes. The models discussed here are predictive because they discuss these separate but connected physical chemical processes through conventional chemical kinetics, which is supported by experimental stoichiometry. The book will appeal to those who need better technology in dealing with soil contaminants, such as governments and multinational companies, but will also be of interest to chemists, hydrology engineers, and toxicologists engaged in pure and applied environmental science research, as well as educators.
An evolving, living organic/inorganic covering, soil is in dynamic equilibrium with the atmosphere above, the biosphere within, and the geology below. It acts as an anchor for roots, a purveyor of water and nutrients, a residence for a vast community of microorganisms and animals, a sanitizer of the environment, and a source of raw materials for co
Volume 13 of Reviews in Mineralogy presents much of our present-day knowledge of micas. Since 1984 was too much material available to attempt to cover all of the hydrous phyllosilicates in one volume, the micas were treated first because of their abundance in nature and the fact that many detailed studies had been carried out on them. The serpentines, kaolins, smectites, chlorites, etc. would have to wait their turn. Now, four years later, that tum has come. Hence the peculiar nature of the title of this volume. We know less about the rest of the phyllosilicates than we do about the micas, primarily because many of them are of finer grain sizes and lower crystallinities than most of the micas. As a result, we have been unable to determine as much detail regarding their structures, crystal chemistries, and origins. One compensating factor that has helped greatly in the accumulation of knowledge about these minerals is that some of them occur in large deposits that are of great economic value and thus stimulate interest. For this reason considerable emphasis in this volume will be related to the occurrence, origin, and petrology of the minerals.
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Mineral equilibria and the soil system; Surface and colloid chemistry; Carbonate, halide, sulfate, and sulfide minerals; Aluminum hydroxides and oxyhydroxides; Iron oxides; Manganese oxides and hydroxides; Micas; Vermiculites; Montmorillonite and other smectite minerals; Chlorites and hydroxy interlayered vermiculite and smectite; Kaolinite and serpentine group minerals; Interstratification in layer silicates; Palygorskite (Attapulgite), sepiolite, talc, pyrophyllite, and zeolites; Silica in soils: quartz, cristobalite, tridymite and opal; Feldspars, olivines, pyroxenes, and amphiboles; Allophane and imogolite; Phosphate minerals; Titanium and zirconium minerals; Shrinking and swelling of clay, clay strength, and other properties of clay soils and clays; Reactions of minerals with organic compounds in the soil; Reactions of minerals with soil humic substances; Mineralogy and soil taxonomy; Preparation of clay samples for X-ray diffraction analysis; Preparation of specimens for electron microscopic examination; Preparation of specimens for infrared analysis; Thermal analysis of soils.
Includes abstracts of the annual meetings of the American Society of Agronomy; Soil Science Society of America; Crop Science Society of America ( - of its Agronomic Education Division).