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"The purpose of this review was to update and review the highway bypass literature since 1994 with a view to understanding the longer‐term economic impacts of highway bypass roads and how communities have adapted and changed in response to these impacts. Focus was on literature that, with one exception, has assessed impacts long after completion of a highway bypass road. The aim was to understand those factors that influence the economic impacts of highway bypasses on communities in the longer‐term and to provide the proponent, and community, with more up‐to‐date indicators that could be considered when planning and designing bypasses. The review examined three key areas of highway bypass impacts – economic impacts, social impacts and community response and mitigation measures."--Executive summary.
The analysis did show that, even though the population of a community may be stable for several years and per capita income is increasing, sales leakage still occurs. The literature, site visits, and data make it apparent that a bypass can positively affect a community. Some conditions that would need to exist in order to maximize a positive impact include the installation of signage along the bypass directing travelers to businesses and services in the community, community or regional plans that include the bypass in future land development scenarios, and businesses adjusting their business plans to attract bypass users. In addition, how proactive a community is in adapting to the bypass will determine the kinds of effects felt in the community.
This report provides literature reviews, empirical findings and policy analysis related to some of the effects of building a highway bypass around a small town in Kansas. The report describes three types of models: an origin-destination model showing the number of trips between each town and city in Kansas; a model to estimate the value of the time-saving generated for through traffic by bypasses in Kansas; and a variety of economic impact regression models.