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History Education and International Relations
This is the first in-depth study to examine the implications of history education in the context of international relations (interstate and transnational), focusing on Japanese textbooks as the principal case study. The author argues that despite a widespread recognition that our grasp of history has some relevance to our views and attitudes towards foreign countries and peoples, ergo ultimately its impact on national policy, there appears to be little coherent discussion of such a significant topic and its practical applications in the field of International Relations. This study, therefore, develops a conceptual framework and directs attention to the factors which predetermine the perceptions and attitudes of the public and policy-makers and in doing so searches for the roots of their world view. The book addresses the following issues: Government Influence on the Domestic Educational Environment; The Domestic Environment and its Interaction with the External Environment; History Education in Practice: A case of Japan; The Japanese History Textbook Disputes in the Asian Context (Parts I and II); Twenty-five Years On – The Task of Coming to Terms with the Past.
Japanese Foreign Policy since 1989
All the world's major powers have undertaken an unprecedented overhaul of their foreign policy objectives and ideals since the end of the Cold War. In the case of Japan, the rise of China, the end of post-war isolationism and fluctuating economic principles have led to a reassessment of how it deals with the world. Untangling the conflicts between Japan's traditionally pacifist stance with its desire to co-operate with US foreign policy and play a leading role in trans-national organizations and counter-terrorism, Mutsumi Hirano draws on key policy documents and empirical evidence to show how Japan has failed to articulate these broadening ambitions - both to the wider world and to itself. Arguing for a comprehensive foreign policy vision, this book assesses the major trends in Japanese foreign policy thinking from 1989 up to the present - providing an insight into the visions and principles which drive this world power.
The Japanese in War and Peace, 1942-48
The author was a member of the British Occupation Force in Japan as part of the Allied Occupation following the Asia-Pacific War. During the years he was there, 1946–48, he collected a number of documents which throw light on the attitudes of the Japanese people in the last two critical years of the war and the equally critical first two years of the peace. Following the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, never has a nation been forced to switch so abruptly from the extreme views of resistance in early 1945 to the need for accommodation with the occupying United States armies. These materials, some reproduced in facsimile, which include a miscellaneous assortment of pe...
Postwar History Education in Japan and the Germanys
How did East and West Germany and Japan reconstitute national identity after World War II? Did all three experience parallel reactions to national trauma and reconstruction? History education shaped how these nations reconceived their national identities. Because the content of history education was controlled by different actors, history education materials framed national identity in very different ways. In Japan, where the curriculum was controlled by bureaucrats bent on maintaining their purported neutrality, materials focused on the empirical building blocks of history (who? where? what?) at the expense of discussions of historical responsibility. In East Germany, where party cadres con...
International Relations Theories
Unrivalled coverage of IR theories from leading experts, featuring a new chapter that reflects on the historic marginalisation of global IR and a wide range of case studies that show readers how theory can be applied to address concrete political problems.
Changing Histories
The teaching of history in South African and Japanese schools has attracted sustained criticism for the alleged attempts to conceal the controversial aspects of their countries' past and to inculcate ideologies favourable to the ruling regimes. This book is the first attempt to systematically compare the ways in which education bureaucracy in both nations dealt with opposition and critics in the period from ca. 1945 to 1995, when both countries were dominated by single-party governments for most of the fifty years. The author argues that both South African and Japanese education bureaucracy did not overtly express its intentions in the curriculum documents or in the textbooks, but found ways to enhance its authority through a range of often subtle measures. A total of eight themes in 60 officially approved Standard 6 South African and Japanese middle-school history textbooks have been selected to demonstrate the changes and continuity. This work hopes to contribute to the existing literature of comparative history by drawing lessons that would probably not have emerged from the study of either country by itself.
Aspects of Japans Recent Relations with Asia
(Weste paper): deals with Japan's return to trading with the countries of Southeast Asia in the early 1950s and the responses of the United States and British governments. (Hirano paper): provides an overall picture of the Japanese history textbook disputes with China and South Korea in 1982 and 1986, and the repercussions of these diplomatic rows in Asia and beyond. The paper also sheds light on the internal discussion of these topics in the Japanese Diet and in government circles. (Tozawa paper): deals with the phenomenon of religious-based parties in India and Japan joining coalition governments in the 1990s. In India, the religious-based party, Bharatiya Janata party, formed (with allies) the government in 1998. In Japan the religious-based party, Komeito, joined the coalition government led by the Liberal-Democratic party in 1999.
Japan Echo
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Japanese Perceptions of Papua New Guinea
Japanese Perceptions of Papua New Guinea exposes the interactions between two ostensibly opposing worlds: war and travel. While soldiers deployed to Eastern New Guinea during the Second World War recalled first-hand their experience of war, post-war tourists visited battle-sites, met locals, and drew their own conclusions about the Pacific island from the Japanese media. This book, in bringing travel and war closer together through a comparative analysis of veterans' memoirs and the records of postwar travelers, explores how individuals consume, create, and recreate war histories. As a result, Ryota Nishino reveals the extent to which the memory of defeat - for both soldiers and civilians al...
Foreign Policy in the Twenty-First Century
In the years since 9/11, followed by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, public attention the world over has been on foreign policy. From the United States to Yemen, from China to Venezuela, the quality of the decisions taken by politicians and diplomats has been under the closest scrutiny. What is more, with the increased personal mobility created by globalization, many individuals and groups now focus as much on international events as on affairs within their own state. Diasporas, company managers, humanitarian volunteers and other non-state actors are aware of the necessity for effective diplomacy to secure the outcomes they hope for. This revised and retitled new edition of the author's ac...
