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Population Politics in the Tropics
The book analyses how depopulation anxieties and transimperial connections shaped medical, demographic and administrative interventions in Portuguese Angola.
Twentieth Century Population Thinking
This reader on the history of demography and historical perspectives on "population" in the twentieth century features a unique collection of primary sources from around the globe, written by scholars, politicians, journalists, and activists. Many of the sources are available in English for the first time. Background information is provided on each source. Together, the sources mirror the circumstances under which scientific knowledge about "population" was produced, how demography evolved as a discipline, and how demographic developments were interpreted and discussed in different political and cultural settings. Readers thereby gain insight into the historical precedents on debates on race, migration, reproduction, natural resources, development and urbanization, the role of statistics in the making of the nation state, and family structures and gender roles, among others. The reader is designed for undergraduate and graduate students as well as scholars in the fields of demography and population studies as well as to anyone interested in the history of science and knowledge.
In Pursuit of Health Equity
Throughout Latin America, social medicine has been widely recognized for its critical perspectives on mainstream understandings of health and for its progressive policy achievements. Nevertheless, it has been an elusive subject: hard to define, with puzzling historical discontinuities and misconceptions about its origins. Drawing on a vast archive and with an ambitious narrative scope that transcends national borders, Eric D. Carter offers the first comprehensive intellectual and political history of the social medicine movement in Latin America, from the early twentieth century to the present day. While maintaining a consistent focus on health equity, social medicine has evolved with changi...
Contraception
The development, manufacturing, and use of contraceptive methods from the late nineteenth century to the present, viewed from the perspective of reproductive justice. The beginning of the modern contraceptive era began in 1882, when Dr. Aletta Jacobs opened the first birth control clinic in Amsterdam. The founding of this facility, and the clinical provision of contraception that it enabled, marked the moment when physicians started to take the prevention of pregnancy seriously as a medical concern. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Donna Drucker traces the history of modern contraception, outlining the development, manufacturing, and use of contraceptive methods fr...
forum for inter-american research Vol 4
Volume 4 of 6 of the complete premium print version of journal forum for inter-american research (fiar), which is the official electronic journal of the International Association of Inter-American Studies (IAS). fiar was established by the American Studies Program at Bielefeld University in 2008. We foster a dialogic and interdisciplinary approach to the study of the Americas. fiar is a peer-reviewed online journal. Articles in this journal undergo a double-blind review process and are published in English, French, Portuguese and Spanish.
International Impacts on Social Policy
This open access book consists of 39 short essays that exemplify how interactions between inter- and trans-national interdependencies and domestic factors have shaped the dynamics of social policy in various parts of the world at different points in time. Each chapter highlights a specific type of interdependence which has been identified to provide us with a nuanced understanding of specific social policy developments at discrete points in history. The volume is divided into four parts that are concerned with a particular type of cross-border interrelation. The four parts examine the impact on social policy of trade relations and economic crises, violence, international organisations and cross-border communication and migration. This book will be of interest to academics and postgraduate students in the field of social policy, global history and welfare state research from diverse disciplines: sociology, political science, history, law and economics. .
Causal Mechanisms in the Global Development of Social Policies
This open access edited volume introduces the concept of causal mechanisms to explore new ways of explaining the global dynamics of social policy, and shows that a mechanism-based approach provides several advantages over established approaches for studying social policy. The introductory chapter outlines the mechanism-based approach, which stands out by modularisation and a clear focus on actors. The mechanism-based approach then guides the twelve chapters on social policy developments in different Asian, African, European and Latin American countries. Based on these findings, the concluding chapter provides a structured compilation of causal mechanisms and outlines how a mechanism-based approach can further strengthen research on the global development of social policies, especially in a comparative perspective. The edited volume is highly relevant for social policy scholars from a variety of disciplines, as well as for scholars interested in strengthening explanation in the social sciences.
Taxing Difference in Peru and New Spain (16th–19th Century)
This book addresses the negotiation of categorizations in colonial societies in Spanish America from a new vantage point: fiscality. In early modern empires (poll) taxes were a significant factor to organize and perpetuate social inequalities. By this, fiscal categorizations had very concrete effects on the daily life of the categorized, on their assets and on their labor force. They intersected with social categorizations such as gender, profession, age and what many authors have termed race or ethnicity, but which is denominated here, more accurately with a term from the sources, calidad. They were imposed by legislation from above and contested via petitions from below, the latter being a type of source scarcely analyzed until now.
Wunschkinder
Wie wurden Kinder im 20. Jahrhundert zu Wunschkindern? Wie wurde Nachwuchs zu etwas, das bewusst geplant wurde? Dieses Buch untersucht die Geschichte der Familienplanung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in einem transnationalen Ansatz. Dabei betrachtet es zunächst die Geschichte der Geburtenkontrolle in der Weimarer Republik und im Nationalsozialismus, dann die Entstehung der Familienplanung in den USA. In seinem Hauptteil analysiert es die Debatten über Sterilisation und die Anti-Baby-Pille in den 1960er Jahren, die Frauenbewegung der 1970er Jahre und die Reform der Abtreibung aus Sicht der Befürworter und Gegner.
Bevölkerung als Problem?
Die Sorge um das Bevölkerungswachstum in der »Dritten Welt« setzte ab den 1950er Jahren weltweit Menschen, Institutionen und Gelder in Bewegung. Familienplanung war die neue entwicklungspolitische Lösungsformel, mit deren Hilfe »unterentwickelte« Länder in die Moderne geführt werden sollten. Annika Hartmann untersucht die teils erbittert geführten Auseinandersetzungen um Bevölkerung und deren Regulierung in Guatemala, wo Familienplanungsprogramme schon früh als misslungen galten. Indem sie das »Narrativ des Scheiterns« historisiert, liefert sie ein vielschichtiges, nuanciertes Bild einer transnational verflochtenen Familienplanungsbewegung und deren Wirken in einem gesellschaftlich wie ethnisch tief gespaltenen Land.
