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Anna Davern
None
Does Democracy Cure a Resource Curse?
Tiivistelmä.
Observations on Disinflation in Transition Economies
The transition economies were remarkably successful in curbing the inflation that took place after the initial transition and shocks and, more recently, most of the countries have brought inflation down to the levels found in major developed countries. In this paper we review the experiences and show how fiscal discipline, monetary policy and exchange rate policy contributed to the outcome. In addition, we note that the influence of EU accession on institutions and policy may have played an important role. The paper also surveys the literature on the quality of the inflation data, the extent to which necessary relative price adjustments have occurred and the size of the Balassa-Samuelson effect. Case studies of disinflation in four countries are presented: Poland, Romania, Estonia and Russia. Published in: Monetary Policy in Low Inflation Economies, ed. by David E. Altig and Ed Nosal, Cambridge University Press, forthcoming in 2006.
Currency Boards in the Baltic Countries
Straightforward exchange rate arrangements known as currency boards have gained popularity during the past dec-ade. Among transition economies, Estonia first introduced a currency board in 1992, followed by Lithuania in 1994 and Bulgaria in 1997. Currency boards have been useful in achieving macroeconomic stabilization, and they may have helped the Baltics become the first countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU) to achieve economic growth after the slump in production of the early 1990s. Moreover, Baltic inflation performance has been substantially better than in other FSU countries. Both in Estonia and Lithuania, the present exchange rate system has been ac-companied by strong real appre...
