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Mobilizing U. S. Industry in World War II
Contents: Mobilization activities before Pearl Harbor day; education for mobilization; interwar planning for industrial mobilization; mobilizing for war: 1939-1941; the war production board; the controlled materials plan; the office of war mobilization & reconversion; U.S. production in World War II; balancing military & civilian needs; overcoming raw material scarcities; maritime construction; people mobilization: Rosie the RiveterÓ; conclusions. Appendix: production of selected munitions items; the war agencies of the Executive Branch of the Federal Government.
Becoming the Arsenal
Becoming the Arsenal discusses one of the three signal events that transformed the relationship of government and the private sector in directing the American economy. The first was the Great Depression and the government's New Deal recovery program. The second was the gradual abandonment of the monetary Gold Standard, or the "floating" of the dollar between 1933 and the 1970s. Third, and least appreciated, was the mobilization of the American economy to confront the threat of the Axis ascendancy in World War II. Becoming the Arsenal places the events of this economic mobilization in its political-economic context and evaluates its performance in terms of prevailing military and political realities. The book is structured in three parts. The first deals with the decision to mobilize in May-June 1940. The second part relates the importance of the World War I experience and the economic diplomatic environment of the late 1930s. The final part examines the shift from a partial mobilization to the commitment to a "Victory Plan" in the fall of 1941, and achievement of complete mobilization and its consequences, in early 1943.
Industrial Mobilization
Industrialization mobilization planning is an old idea in the history of modern warfare. In the United States, in fact, the National Defense Act of 1920 required the Federal Government to conduct such planning. Current reforms were inspired when, in 1978, a series of mobilization exercises revealed serious and dangerous deficiencies in mobilization planning. The basic premise of this historical study is that industrial mobilization lessons of the past provide answers for many of today?s problems. The author contends that current industrial mobilization planners should draw lessons more from the Korean War effort than from World War II. The Korean mobilization effort supported not only the demands of that war, but also the readiness needs to counter an anticipated Soviet attack. After describing the Korean experience in detail, the author examines changes in industrial mobilization planning that evolved as the nation perceived an easing of the Soviet threat. He highlights problems that, should they remain unsolved, ultimately would preclude effective industrial mobilization planning. Finally, he recommends realistic actions to restore effective planning.
