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The Functional Anatomy of the Reticular Formation
The brainstem reticular formation is the archaic core of ascending and descending pathways connecting the brain with spinal cord. After the pioneer description of the activating role of the ascending reticular activating system by Moruzzi and Magoun in 1949, an increasing number of studies have contributed to disclose the multifaceted roles of this brain area. In fact, the brainstem reticular formation sub-serves a variety of brain activities such as the modulation of the sleep-waking cycle, the level of arousal and attention, the drive for novelty seeking behaviors and mood. Meanwhile, descending pathways play a key role in posture modulation, extrapyramidal movements, and autonomic functio...
Neural Circuit Formation and Sensory Inputs
Sensory systems play important roles in inducing a variety of responses that are critical to the survival of individuals and species. Neural circuits are generated by a combination of activity dependent and independent processes. The basic architecture of sensory systems is built before birth based on a genetic program. However, the neural maps and circuits are further refined after birth in an activity-dependent manner. If the system is left unstimulated in neonates, its function is permanently impaired and cannot be recovered even when it is stimulated after the critical period.
Anatomy and Plasticity in Large-Scale Brain Models
Supercomputing facilities are becoming increasingly available for simulating activity dynamics in large-scale neuronal networks. On today's most advanced supercomputers, networks with up to a billion of neurons can be readily simulated. However, building biologically realistic, full-scale brain models requires more than just a huge number of neurons. In addition to network size, the detailed local and global anatomy of neuronal connections is of crucial importance. Moreover, anatomical connectivity is not fixed, but can rewire throughout life (structural plasticity)—an aspect that is missing in most current network models, in which plasticity is confined to changes in synaptic strength (sy...
Neuroscience in Africa
This Research Topic covers some of the latest research on brain and behavior in health and disease in Africa. With its untapped resources and unique situations, “Neuroscience in Africa” has the potential to contribute to a better understanding of human brain function both in health and disease. The diverse African fauna display a range of specializations in brain structure/function relationships as a result of adaptations to the environment. Exploration of these may lead to insights into coping strategies which could be extrapolated to humans. Africa’s unique flora is being investigated for anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antiepileptogenic and neuroprotective properties to determine its potential for use in the treatment of human brain disorders. There is also research on neurodegenerative and infectious diseases, not only common to the global world, but also neglected tropical diseases and conditions which provide unique avenues of investigations in basic and translational neuroscience on highly debilitating disorders - and on the effects of pathogens and environmental toxins.
Física Universitária 1
A mecânica, parte da física que se propõe a descrever os movimentos, é uma das áreas mais antigas da ciência, confunde-se com a da gravitação e da astronomia: já na Antiguidade os sábios procuravam entender os movimentos que ocorriam no Universo. Física Universitária 1: Mecânica Básica aborda alguns conceitos fundamentais de mecânica, como espaço, tempo, massa, gravitação e campo, nem sempre tratados nos livros didáticos. Um de seus diferenciais está no aprofundamento de conceitos matemáticos, como coordenadas generalizadas e referenciais vetoriais, além de tratar temas como as leis de Kepler, o conceito de trabalho e o de forças conservativas em um nível de profundidade acima do usual. Por meio de um formalismo matemático adequado e uma discussão de conceitos muitas vezes olvidados, este livro de Gil da Costa Marques serve de apoio aos alunos que cursam as disciplinas universitárias básicas de mecânica.
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