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Environmental risk factors – noise, air pollution, chemical agents, and ultraviolet radiation – impact human health by contributing to the onset and progression of noncommunicable diseases. Accordingly, there is need for preclinical and clinical studies and comprehensive summary of major findings. This book is a state-of-the-art summary of these myriad severe life stressors. The chapters on the different pollutants focus on disease mechanisms (cardiovascular, neurological and metabolic disorders) and on oxidative stress and inflammation. The editors emphasize emerging mechanisms based on dysregulation of the circadian clock, the microbiome, epigenetic pathways, and cognitive function by environmental stressors, and introduce the exposome concept while highlighting existing research gaps. Key Features: Links various environmental stressors to the incidence of noncommunicable diseases Includes chapters on airborne toxins, chemical pollutants, noise, and ultraviolet radiation stressors Contributions from an international team of leading researchers Summarizes the impacts of stressors on disease mechanisms
Mitochondrial research has exploded over the last ~150 years. This book gives an amazing view on a conceptual change in our understanding of mitochondrial biology. It becomes clear that mitochondria are extremely dynamic in nature, controlling life at multiple levels. Mitochondria rule energy conversion, adapt cells well to changing stress and nutrient conditions, and regulate many cellular processes including immunity. The dynamic nature of mitochondria occurs at an intramitochondrial level but also includes its ability to interact with other organelles and to modulate multiple signalling pathways. It is thus not surprising that alterations or inabilities to ensure this dynamic behaviour is...
Oxidative Eustress in Exercise Physiology unravels key physiological responses and adaptations to different redox-regulated exercise paradigms at the cell, tissue, and whole-body level in model systems and humans in health and disease. While the mechanistic details are still unclear, key intracellular redox indices seem to be dysregulated with age. Consequently, beneficial molecular responses to acute endurance exercise decline in older individuals. Recent research suggests that manipulating mitochondrial redox homeostasis by supplementing with the mitochondria-targeted coenzyme Q10 for six weeks markedly improves physical function in older adults; i.e. it may be possible to maximise the ben...
The brain is crucial for the regulation of whole-body metabolism and behavior. The pancreas-derived hormone insulin modulates brain function and affects energy metabolism as well as cognition. This is partially achieved by modulating several types of brain cell populations including those relevant to satiety and reward. Importantly, brains of Alzheimer ́s disease patients exhibit a signature of brain insulin resistance with perturbed brain metabolism. This book will cover the basics of insulin signaling in the brain and will describe concepts of insulin resistance, a feature of type 2 diabetes. Moreover insulin ́s effect on cognitive function will be pointed out and the association between...
To produce energy, aerobic organisms transform oxygen molecules into water. This reductive mechanism yields toxic radical intermediates, collectively known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Paradoxically, these physiological processes entail the production of potentially damaging species. Evolution has turned this apparent disadvantage into an opportunity for transmitting information. As a result, redox signaling within the cell is an efficient exquisitely organized process. A key element for its regulation is the physical separation of sources and targets into different cell compartments. Peroxiporins, H2O2 transporting proteins spanning biological membranes, distribute the signal from emit...
This is the premier, single-source reference on redox biochemistry, a rapidly emerging field. This reference presents the basic principles and includes detailed chapters focusing on various aspects of five primary areas of redox biochemistry: antioxidant molecules and redox cofactors; antioxidant enzymes; redox regulation of physiological processes; pathological processes related to redox; and specialized methods. This is a go-to resource for professionals in pharmaceuticals, medicine, immunology, nutrition, and environmental fields and an excellent text for upper-level students.