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Topology in Magnetism
This book presents both experimental and theoretical aspects of topology in magnetism. It first discusses how the topology in real space is relevant for a variety of magnetic spin structures, including domain walls, vortices, skyrmions, and dynamic excitations, and then focuses on the phenomena that are driven by distinct topology in reciprocal momentum space, such as anomalous and spin Hall effects, topological insulators, and Weyl semimetals. Lastly, it examines how topology influences dynamic phenomena and excitations (such as spin waves, magnons, localized dynamic solitons, and Majorana fermions). The book also shows how these developments promise to lead the transformative revolution of information technology.
Topological Insulators
In this chapter we provide an overview of the topological field theory approach to topological insulators. We start by reviewing the topological field theory description of integer quantum Hall states, which also illustrates the general features of topological field theory approach. Then we reviewed the topological field theory approach of three-dimensional topological insulators and its physical consequences. In the last part of this section we discuss the generalizations of topological field theory approach to generic dimensions and other topological states of matter.
Skyrmions in Condensed Matter
This book summarizes some of the most exciting theoretical developments in the topological phenomena of skyrmions in noncentrosymmetric magnetic systems over recent decades. After presenting pedagogical backgrounds to the Berry phase and homotopy theory, the author systematically discusses skyrmions in the order of their development, from the Ginzburg-Landau theory, CP1 theory, Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert theory, and Monte Carlo numerical approaches. Modern topics, such as the skyrmion-electron interaction, skyrmion-magnon interaction, and various generation mechanisms of the skyrmion are examined with a focus on their general theoretical aspects. The book concludes with a chapter on the skyrmion phenomena in the cold atom context. The topics are presented at a level accessible to beginning graduate students without a substantial background in field theory. The book can also be used as a text for those who wish to engage in the physics of skyrmions in magnetic systems, or as an introduction to the various theoretical methods used in studying current condensed-matter systems.
Technologies Changing Our World
This book is a venture that, as far as we know, has never been tried before. It is a more than a two- decennial overview of the evolution, status and future of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) transgressing from technology to economy, sociology and its way of changing our life and of developments, which might affect our future personally and as society. The individual papers were delivered as invited keynote lectures at the the annual IDIMT Conferences (see www.IDIMT.org) from 2000 to 2020. These lectures were designed to satisfy the interested non-technical audience as well as the knowledgeable ICT audience, bridging this gap successfully without compromising on the scientif...
Skyrmions
"The book reviews all the aspects of recent developments in research on skyrmions, from the presentation of the observation and characterization techniques to the description of physical properties and expected applications. It will be of great use for all scientists working in this field." – Albert Fert, 2007 Nobel Laureate in Physics (from the Foreword) A skyrmion is a tiny region of reversed magnetization – quasiparticles since they are not present except in a magnetic state, and also give rise to physics that cannot be described by Maxwell’s equations. These particles are fascinating subjects for theoretical and experimental studies. Moreover, as a new type of magnetic domain struc...
Topological Insulators
Topological Insulators, volume six in the Contemporary Concepts of Condensed Matter Series, describes the recent revolution in condensed matter physics that occurred in our understanding of crystalline solids. The book chronicles the work done worldwide that led to these discoveries and provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the field. Starting in 2004, theorists began to explore the effect of topology on the physics of band insulators, a field previously considered well understood. However, the inclusion of topology brings key new elements into this old field. Whereas it was thought that all band insulators are essentially equivalent, the new theory predicts two distinct class...
Topological Insulators
The discovery of the rich topological structures of electronic states in solids has opened up many interesting possibilities. The “twist” of the wavefunctions in momentum space, which is characterized by topological invariants, leads to the robust edge or surface states. The electron fractionalization associated with these topological states brings about the novel physics such as absence of localization, topological magneto-electric effect, and Majorana fermions. Here we describe the principles and some concrete examples of the theoretical design of the topological materials and their functions based on these recent developments.
Science
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Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
The two-volume set LNAI 12084 and 12085 constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 24th Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, PAKDD 2020, which was due to be held in Singapore, in May 2020. The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 135 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 628 submissions. The papers present new ideas, original research results, and practical development experiences from all KDD related areas, including data mining, data warehousing, machine learning, artificial intelligence, databases, statistics, knowledge engineering, visualization, decision-making systems, and the emerging applicati...
