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The Emergence of Organizations and Markets
A dynamic framework for studying social emergence The social sciences have sophisticated models of choice and equilibrium but little understanding of the emergence of novelty. Where do new alternatives, new organizational forms, and new types of people come from? Combining biochemical insights about the origin of life with innovative and historically oriented social network analyses, John Padgett and Walter Powell develop a theory about the emergence of organizational, market, and biographical novelty from the coevolution of multiple social networks. They demonstrate that novelty arises from spillovers across intertwined networks in different domains. In the short run actors make relations, ...
The Beauty of Ugliness and the Ugliness of Beauty
Beauty and ugliness, two extremes that intersect through human experience, remain an inexhaustible source of creative inspiration and popular belief. In 'The Beauty of Ugliness and the Ugliness of Beauty: Materializing Monstrosity in the Middle Ages,' the editors aim to redefine the concept of the medieval monster by revisiting issues that have received little attention. This collection of five essays examines various topics, including the stigmatization of disability in clerical circles through canon law decretals, the duality of good and evil in the Latin world, the image of women in marriage contract negotiations, the interpretation of monsters as 'signs' or 'things,' and the evolving interpretations of medieval monsters in post-medieval contexts.
Dissolving Royal Marriages
This book offers a chronological and geographical study of royal divorce cases from the Middle Ages through to the Reformation period.
At the Gate of Christendom
Modern life in increasingly heterogeneous societies has directed attention to patterns of interaction, often using a framework of persecution and tolerance. This study of the economic, social, legal and religious position of three minorities (Jews, Muslims and pagan Turkic nomads) argues that different degrees of exclusion and integration characterized medieval non-Christian status in the medieval Christian kingdom of Hungary between 1000 and 1300. A complex explanation of non-Christian status emerges from the analysis of their economic, social, legal and religious positions and roles. Existence on the frontier with the nomadic world led to the formulation of a frontier ideology, and to anxiety about Hungary's detachment from Christendom, which affected policies towards non-Christians. The study also succeeds in integrating central European history with the study of the medieval world, while challenging such current concepts in medieval studies as frontier societies, persecution and tolerance, ethnicity and 'the other'.
Crusaders and Heretics, Twelfth to Fourteenth Centuries
These articles seek to understand the attitudes and reactions of medieval society to both external threat and internal dissension, whether real or imagined. The crusaders encompass the Templars and the Knights of St Lazarus, members of military orders committed to the cause of perpetual battle for the faith; more reluctant secular knights urged into the complicated conflicts of Latin Greece by the papacy; and peasant enthusiasts from northern France, ultimately turning their frustration on the clergy and the Jews. Heretics range from Cathars, real opponents of the Church, to the lepers, imaginary subverters of society, allegedly in league with the two other perceived enemies of Western Christendom, the Jews and the Muslims.
The Cartulary of Prémontré
The Cartulary of Prémontré offers a full critical edition, consisting of a transcription of the cartulary’s 509 charters together with historical notes and apparatus. The thirteenth-century cartulary of the abbey of Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Prémontré is one of the few manuscripts to survive from this monastery. Offering a window into daily life in medieval France and to contemporary documentary practices, the cartulary of Prémontré is a rich source for the socio-economic and religious history of the Picardy and Champagne regions during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The charters contained in the cartulary illuminate how this major northern French abbey functioned as a mother hou...
Papal Overlordship and European Princes, 1000-1270
Papal Overlordship and European Princes, 1000-1270 offers a new perspective on the political history of the central Middle Ages by focusing on the alliances between popes and rulers who claimed a special relationship with the successor of St Peter. Rather than seeing these relationships as attempts by the popes to assert their lordship and monarchy over the entire world, as many past narratives have, this study asks what rulers got out of these relationships, what they meant, and how they were constructed. Papal government - in fact much pre-modern government in general - was based around replying to petitions. Thus, rulers and subjects, by entering into a relationship with the pope, were ab...
Art of Illness
There is a long history of inventing illness, such as pretending to be sick for attention or accusing others of being ill. This volume explores the art of illness, and the deceptions and truths around health and bodies, from a multiplicity of angles from antiquity to the present. The chapters, which are based on primary-source evidence ranging from antiquity to the late twentieth century, are divided into three sections. The first part explores how the idea of faking illness was understood and conceptualized across multiple fields, locations, and time periods. The second part uses case studies to emphasize the human element of those at the center of these narratives and how their behavior was shaped by societal attitudes. The third part investigates the development of regulations and laws governing malingering and malingerers. Altogether, they paint a picture of humans doing human actions—cheating, lying, stealing, but also hiding, surviving, working. This book’s careful, accessible scholarship is a valuable resource for academics, scientists, and the sophisticated undergraduate audience interested in malingering narratives throughout history.
Erasmus
Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536) was the most important literary figure of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century. The first truly international author of the Renaissance, his influence upon his immediate contemporaries and following generations can hardly be overestimated. He was the arbiter of letters of his day, the first name in classical scholarship, the finest biblical scholar, the best satirist, and first, or nearly first in a score of other fields of intellectual endeavor. He was also a remarkable personality, perhaps the only important man in Europe who was able to keep his head through the incredible ferment of ideas and beliefs that permeated the age; he never yielded to e...
