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English as a global lingua franca interacts with other languages across a wide range of multilingual contexts. Combining insights from linguistics, education studies, and psychology, this book addresses the role of English within the current linguistic dynamics of globalization. It takes Singapore, Hong Kong, and Dubai as case studies to illustrate the use of English in different multilingual urban areas, arguing that these are places where competing historical assessments, and ideological conceptions of monolingualism and multilingualism, are being acted out most forcefully. It critically appraises the controversial concept of multilingual advantages, and studies multilingual cross-linguistic influence in relation to learning English in bilingual heritage contexts. It also scrutinises multilingual language policies in their impact on attitudes, identities, and investment into languages. Engaging and accessible, it is essential reading for academic researchers and advanced students of bi- and multilingualism, globalization, linguistic diversity, World Englishes, sociolinguistics, and second/third language acquisition.
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Increasingly clear evidence points to the need to consider gender differences in human health. In this collection of papers, recent research that supports gender differences in the immune system are discussed. We have loosely divided the eBook into two sections. The first section focuses on the role of steroid hormone interactions within the immune system, and their impact on autoimmune diseases, infection and allergy. This section contains comprehensive reviews and an opinion article about this topic. In the following section, original research articles revolve around the effects of the sex hormones on immune response. Two original manuscripts deal with the role of estrogen receptors in autoimmune diseases. Other two research articles discuss the role of the immune system during pregnancy. Finally, differences between males and females in infections are the topic of further two research articles. We are confident this collection of papers will be important for exploring and developing a greater understanding of gender differences in human health and disease.
Everything you ever wanted to know about storks, ibises and spoonbills. Some of the world's largest and most spectacular birds are to be found among this group of wading birds. Tragically, they also include many of the world's most endangered species, as changes in land use erode their wetland habitats. Some like the White Stork have lived alongside humans for hundreds of years and are well known from numerous studies. Others, like the Storm's stork and ibises of West Africa, South-East Asia and South America live so secluded a life in the remote corners of the globe that they will probably be extinct before even the most basic details of their biology are known. In this monograph, three authors and two artists have combined their skills to capture what is known of this group of wading birds. The text opens with general chapters on taxonomy and feeding, breeding and behaviour, followed by detailed coverage of each species.
Includes entries for maps and atlases.
Provides: over 26,000 academic institutions, 150,000 staff and officials; extensive coverage of universities, colleges and other centres of learning; and detailed information on over 400 international cultural, scientific and educational organizations.