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Solidarity in EU Law
The European Union has evolved from a purely economic organisation to a multi-faceted entity with political, social and human rights dimensions. This has created an environment in which the concept of solidarity is gaining a more substantial role in shaping the EU legal order. This book provides both a retrospective assessment and an outlook on the future possibilities of solidarity’s practical and theoretical meaning and legal enforcement in the ever-changing Union.
Strukturen und Rechtsfragen der gemeinschaftlichen Leistungsverwaltung
Der Haushaltsplan der Europäischen Gemeinschaft weist derzeit ein Volumen von deutlich über 100 Milliarden Euro auf. Neben der Landwirtschaft finanziert die Gemeinschaft auch Maßnahmen im Bereich der Infrastruktur oder der Forschung. Wolfgang Schenk beleuchtet die Vergabe derartiger Finanzhilfen. Im Mittelpunkt seiner Untersuchung stehen die erforderlichen Vollzugsvorgänge. Als prägendes Element betrachtet er die primärrechtlich verankerte Haushaltsverantwortung der Kommission. Diese bewirkt, dass der Kommission beim Vollzug in diesem Bereich eine einflussreiche Stellung zukommt, die über diejenige hinausgeht, die sie beim Vollzug des Gemeinschaftsrechts ansonsten einnimmt. In einem Schlusskapitel untersucht der Autor die Überwachung der Mittelverwendung durch das Europäische Amt für Betrugsbekämpfung (OLAF) und durch den Europäischen Rechnungshof.
Democracy and Financial Order: Legal Perspectives
This book discusses the relationship between democracy and the financial order from various legal perspectives. Each of the nine contributions adopts a unique perspective on the legal and political challenges brought to the fore by the Global Financial Crisis. This crisis and the ensuing sovereign debt crisis in Europe are only the latest in a long series of financial crises around the globe in recent decades. By their very existence, but also as a result of the political turmoil they have created, these financial crises testify to the well-known tensions between democracy and a market-based economic and financial order. However, what is missing in this debate is an analysis of the role of law for reconciling democracy with a market-based financial order. To fill this lacuna, the book focuses on the controversy surrounding the concept of law, thereby adding another variable to the debate on the relation between democracy and capitalism. Each chapter addresses the concept of law from a particular theoretical angle, be it a full-grown legal theory or an approach in political economy that has a particular view of the law.
Cynical International Law?
Analysing international law through the prism of “cynicism” makes it possible to look beyond overt disregard for international law, currently discussed in terms of a backlash or crisis. The concept allows to analyse and criticise structural features and specific uses of international law that seem detrimental to international law in a more subtle way. Unlike its ancient predecessor, cynicism nowadays refers not to a bold critique of power but to uses and abuses of international law that pursue one-sided interests tacitly disregarding the legal structure applied. From this point of view, the contributions critically reflect on the theoretical foundations of international law, in particular its relationship to power, actors such as the International Law Commission and international judges, and specific fields, including international human rights, humanitarian, criminal, tax and investment law.
The UN Security Council Members' Responsibility to Protect
This book examines the hard legal core, if any, of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” concept with regard to the commitment to take collective action through the UN Security Council. It addresses the question of whether public international law establishes a duty on the part of the individual Security Council members to collectively take the necessary action to prevent atrocities (genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and ethnic cleansing). To this end, it offers an interpretation of provisions in multilateral conventions, such as the undertaking to prevent genocide in Article 1 of the Genocide Convention and the undertaking to ensure respect for the Geneva Conventions in common Article 1 of the 1949 Geneva Conventions, analyses the UN Charter framework for Security Council action, and explores whether the recognition of the international responsibility to protect has prompted the emergence of a new norm for general international law.
Subsequent Agreements and Subsequent Practice in Domestic Courts
The book analyses how subsequent agreements and subsequent practice as defined in articles 31 and 32 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties have been applied in interpretative reality. Based on the jurisprudence of domestic courts, it elucidates the distribution of power between the parties to a treaty and other actors. To start with, the book traces the origins of subsequent agreements and subsequent practice and places them in their broader legal context. Next, it explores the legal status and effects of subsequent agreements and subsequent practice, explains why such agreements are only rarely used, and defines the relevance of non-party practice in the interpretative process. In closing, it critically examines how domestic courts have approached the normative heart of subsequent practice, i.e. the notion of ‘agreement’. Thus, this book ultimately challenges the traditional assumption that the parties are the joint masters of the treaty.
Global Constitutionalism
This book provides insights into the viability of the idea of global constitution. Global constitutionalism has emerged as an alternative paradigm for international law. However, in view of the complex and varied structure of contemporary constitutionalism, in reality it is extremely difficult to use constitutional law to provide a new paradigm for international law. The book argues that the cultural paradigm can offer functional tools for the global constitutionalism discourse. In other words, global constitutionalism could be handled in the context of a global “constitutional culture” instead of a global constitution. This would provide a more realistic basis for discussing global constitutionalization of a society as diverse as the international community, where a globalized polity and a globalized legal system have not yet been achieved.
Informationssysteme im Europäischen Verwaltungsverbund
Für die Verwaltung des Gemeinschaftsraums ist ein geregelter Informationsaustausch unverzichtbar. Nur so können die verantwortlichen Stellen der Gemeinschaft und der Mitgliedstaaten mit den Informationen versorgt werden, die sie zur Vornahme einer gemeinschaftsrechtlich indizierten Verwaltungsmaßnahme oder zur Vorbereitung einer Gemeinschaftspolitik benötigen. Neben punktuelle Informationspflichten treten als besondere Form interadministrativer Informationskooperation immer häufiger Informationssysteme, die den steigenden Informationsbedarf in der Gemeinschaft effizienter befriedigen können. Kristina Heußner untersucht Strukturen und Aufgaben von Informationssystemen, ihre rechtliche Ausgestaltung sowie Fragen des Datenschutzes, des Rechtsschutzes und der Haftung, die Informationssysteme für Bürger und Unternehmen aufwerfen.
Die Verbundaufsicht
Die Europäische Gemeinschaft als Rechtsgemeinschaft ist auf einen ordnungsgemäßen Vollzug des Gemeinschaftsrechts durch die nationalen Behörden angewiesen. Das Vertragsverletzungsverfahren, das der Kommission grundsätzlich zur Durchsetzung eines gemeinschaftsrechtskonformen Verhaltens der Mitgliedstaaten zur Verfügung steht, ist jedoch schwerfällig und zeitaufwändig. Meike Eekhoff untersucht, welche außergerichtlichen Aufsichtsverfahren und -mechanismen der Gemeinschaft zur Verfügung stehen. Sie arbeitet die Strukturen der so genannten Verbundaufsicht heraus und deckt Unstimmigkeiten auf. Außerdem prüft sie, inwieweit die Kodifizierung von Aufsichtsmechanismen im Sekundärrecht und die Ausübung der Aufsicht durch die Gemeinschaft im Einzelfall einer Rechtmäßigkeitsprüfung standhalten. Abschließend zeigt die Autorin die Rechtsschutzmöglichkeiten der Mitgliedstaaten und der Marktbürger gegen Maßnahmen der Verbundaufsicht auf.
Principles of European Constitutional Law
For the time being, the political project of basing the European Union on a document entitled 'Constitution' has failed. The second, revised and enlarged edition of this volume retains its title nonetheless. Building on a scholarly rather than black-letter law account, it shows European constitutional law as it looks following the Treaty of Lisbon, with the EU's foundational treaties mandating the exercise of public authority, establishing a hierarchy of norms and legitimising legal acts, providing for citizenship, and granting fundamental rights. In this way the treaties shape the relations between legal orders, between public interest regulation and market economy, and between law and poli...
