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British Monetary Orthodoxy in the 1870s
Approval of the quantity theory, of the Humean price-specie-flow mechanism (PSFM) and of lender of last resort analysis are characteristics of British monetary orthodoxy in the 1870s. But this does not mean that this orthodoxy achieved a synthesis between the Banking School and the Currency School. On the contrary, we show that it marks the victory of the Currency Principle that, in fact, did evolve after 1847, but did not rejoin Banking School ideas. The PSFM, which is essential to the Currency Principle, cannot be confused with the gold points mechanism described by Thornton and Tooke. The lender of last resort and money market theories developed by Bagehot are compatible with the dichotomy between currency and credit, a characteristic of the Currency Principle, and contrary to the thought of Thornton's and Tooke.
Handbook on the History of Economic Analysis Volume I
Volume I contains original biographical profiles of many of the most important and influential economists from the seventeenth century to the present day. These inform the reader about their lives, works and impact on the further development of the discipline. The emphasis is on their lasting contributions to our understanding of the complex system known as the economy. The entries also shed light on the means and ways in which the functioning of this system can be improved and its dysfunction reduced.
La pensée monétaire
La pensée monétaire trouve sa sève dans l'histoire des faits et des débats monétaires et bancaires. Bien que ni les classiques au dix-neuvième siècle, ni les néo-classiques aujourd'hui, ne parviennent à intégrer correctement la monnaie dans leurs théories économiques, on n'ignore pas tout de la monnaie. La connaissance existe, cependant elle est autant historique qu'analytique. Dans le domaine de la monnaie, l'expérience et les leçons du passé comptent. Les banquiers et les politiques ont du gérer la monnaie, les économistes la penser, malgré son extériorité aux théories dominantes du marché. Ce livre explore la pensée monétaire, étudie ses concepts, en présentant et discutant les théories dans leur contexte historique du seizième siècle à nos jours.
Cause and Effect in the Gold Points Mechanism
Noting that it is Thornton, not Ricardo, who is the originator of the classical analysis of the gold points mechanism, this paper shows that Ricardo rejected this mechanism. This is done by considering his criticism of the causal link between deficits, the exchange rate and the price of gold. The paper first emphasizes Thornton's analysis of the links between gold points, bank risk and the high price of bullion. It is then shown how far Ricardo is led astray in his criticism of Thornton and his explanation of the high price of bullion and of the exchange market.
Handbook on the History of Economic Analysis Volume II
This unique troika of Handbooks provides indispensable coverage of the history of economic analysis. Edited by two of the foremost academics in the field, the volumes gather together insightful and original contributions from scholars across the world. The encyclopaedic breadth and scope of the original entries will make these Handbooks an invaluable source of knowledge for all serious students and scholars of the history of economic thought.
Bank Liquidity Risk
By granting credit and issuing money, banks take a liquidity risk - that is, the risk of being unable to reimburse its notes in coins. Five different explanations of a bank liquidity crisis have been provided by different authors, since John Law and up to Walter Bagehot. First, according to Law (1703) and Steuart ([1767] [1998]), the distinction between money of account (the pound sterling) and money of payment (the guinea) may induce a bank run. Second, according to Cantillon (1730), Hume ([1752] 1972), Ricardo (1810-1823) and the Currency School (1837-1858), the bank reserve becomes insufficient as a consequence of a diminishing value of money allied with over issues. Third, according to T...
R.G. Hawtrey on the National and International Lender of Last Resort
This paper traces R.G. Hawtrey's main contributions to the theory of the lender of last resort (LLR), both national and international (ILLR). This theory is a continuation of one of the traditions of the classical period, started by Henry Thornton, which differs in important points from that of Walter Bagehot. In their treatment of the classical concepts the authors partly depart from the interpretation of Thomas M. Humphrey, who considers that Thornton and Bagehot have basically the same approach about LLR. Hawtrey renewed Thonton's views and extended the concepts to new problems, including the ILLR. Hawtrey built a model of LLR in a dynamic macroeconomic model that includes the Cambridge market for cash balance and introduces the bases of a theory of ILLR, describing the sequence of twin crisis, exchange and banking crisis, thus explaining the difficulties for an ILLR to act on the currency market without taking the risks involved, in a situation completely different to the one faced on the money market by the national LLR.
Handbook on the History of Economic Analysis Volume III
This unique troika of Handbooks provides indispensable coverage of the history of economic analysis. Edited by two of the foremost academics in the field, the volumes gather together insightful and original contributions from scholars across the world. The encyclopaedic breadth and scope of the original entries will make these Handbooks an invaluable source of knowledge for all serious students and scholars of the history of economic thought.
The Foundations of 'Laissez-Faire'
This is the first full length study of Boisguilbert's work to appear in English. It contains an extended discussion of the context in which Boisguilbert worked, as well as a detailed analysis of his life and work.
