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China’s One Belt One Road (OBOR) project was formally introduced by Chinese President Xi-Jinping in 2013. The project, aimed at integrating trade and investment in Eurasia, encompasses over $900 billion in planned investments of infrastructure across Central and South Asia, the Middle East, and Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). A dedicated forum for cooperation with CEE countries has been around now for several years. Originally created in April 2012, ‘the so-called ‘16+1’ framework constitutes a platform which brings heads of state together annually to strengthen dialogue and cooperation between China and the CEE region. Chinese investment interests within the CEE region appear stro...
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License. It is free to read, download and share on Elgaronline.com. This topical book examines EuropeÕs relationship with Russia from the 1990s onwards through three distinct lenses: energy, violence and the environment. Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen explores new ways of promoting and protecting the European objectives of peace, sustainability, democracy, and the rule of law.
Currently, much is said about the directions of development of modern China. However, we still do not know what will determine the expected superpower position of the Middle Kingdom. The book is an attempt to answer questions about China's main development challenges from a regional perspective. China aspires to become the country with the largest economy and development potential. This intention may turn out to be in vain if such significant disparities and development imbalances in the regional system are still present in China. The key to understanding the transformation of contemporary China is to recognize the internal determinants of the functioning of both the state and the economy from a regional perspective. A better understanding of the ways of managing regional development disparities may contribute to a more accurate assessment of the dynamics and directions of China's socio-economic development.
Chiny inspirują do miana państwa o największej gospodarce i potencjale rozwojowym, co wymaga wykształcenia i ciągłego podtrzymywania zdolności modernizacyjnych w wymiarze gospodarczym, społecznym, politycznym czy technologicznym. Zamiar ten może okazać się próżny, jeżeli nadal w Chinach obecne będą tak znaczące dysproporcje rozwojowe jak dotychczas, także w układzie regionalnym. Polityka rozwoju regionalnego stanowi specyficzny przykład koegzystencji interwencji publicznej i wykorzystania mechanizmów rynkowych. Powyższemu towarzyszą polityczna centralizacja i gospodarcza decentralizacja. We wdrażaniu polityki rozwoju regionalnego Chiny podążają drogą inwestycji, które w założeniu mają budować konkurencyjność słabiej rozwiniętych regionów. Strategia ta przyczyniła się do niebywałej rozbudowy infrastruktury, wciąż jednak bez przełożenia na sukces w zakresie spójności. Dysproporcje nadal stanowią wyzwanie nie tyle dla autorytarnego systemu sprawowania władzy, ile dla rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego kraju jako całości.
Topology-based methods are of increasing importance in the analysis and visualization of datasets from a wide variety of scientific domains such as biology, physics, engineering, and medicine. Current challenges of topology-based techniques include the management of time-dependent data, the representation of large and complex datasets, the characterization of noise and uncertainty, the effective integration of numerical methods with robust combinatorial algorithms, etc. . The editors have brought together the most prominent and best recognized researchers in the field of topology-based data analysis and visualization for a joint discussion and scientific exchange of the latest results in the field. This book contains the best 20 peer-reviewed papers resulting from the discussions and presentations at the third workshop on "Topological Methods in Data Analysis and Visualization", held 2009 in Snowbird, Utah, US. The 2009 "TopoInVis" workshop follows the two successful workshops in 2005 (Slovakia) and 2007 (Germany).
Electrical activity in the myocardium coordinates the contraction of the heart, and its knowledge could lead to a better understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiac diseases. This electrical activity generates an electromagnetic field that propagates outside the heart and reaches the human torso surface, where it can be easily measured. Classical electrocardiography aims to interpret the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to determine cardiac activity and support the diagnosis of cardiac pathologies such as arrhythmias, altered activations, and ischemia. More recently, a higher number of leads is used to reconstruct a more detailed quantitative description of the electrical activity in t...
Immersive Analytics is a new research initiative that aims to remove barriers between people, their data and the tools they use for analysis and decision making. Here the aims of immersive analytics research are clarified, its opportunities and historical context, as well as providing a broad research agenda for the field. In addition, it is reviewed how the term immersion has been used to refer to both technological and psychological immersion, both of which are central to immersive analytics research.
Visualization and analysis tools, techniques, and algorithms have undergone a rapid evolution in recent decades to accommodate explosive growth in data size and complexity and to exploit emerging multi- and many-core computational platforms. High Performance Visualization: Enabling Extreme-Scale Scientific Insight focuses on the subset of scientifi