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Governance and Performance in the German Public Research Sector
2007b: 115 ff.; Jansen 2007c: 236 ff.). “Governance patterns” here means a chain of interconnected mechanisms which can be observed empirically. “Governance p- terns” can be roughly de?ned as “complex regulatory structures coordinating the actions of interdependent actors”. Governance patterns can relate to hierarchical as well as to lateral coordination mechanisms. Enforcement can be based on law, p- fessional norms or informal and implicit norms or customs. Moreover, the regulatory structures or individual mechanisms inside them can be established and sanctioned by public as well as by private actors. There is in fact not necessarily an actor in charge of controlling outcomes as for instance in market competition. In the next section, I will introduce the reader to the changing role of the state in science policy. The third section presents the governance model for the p- lic research sector which was developed by the research group and underlies the 1 contributions in this anthology. The ?nal section gives an overview of the papers.
The Changing Governance of Higher Education and Research
This book analyses and describes the effects of the reforms of the European science systems on research. Taking the multilevel governance of the science system into account, the authors describe the effects of the reforms on different aspects: research collaborations and research lines, PhD education, performance profiles, research funding and legal aspects. The first part of the book deals with “PhD education” from an economic perspective. How successful are Research Training Groups and is heterogeneity really a factor of success? What kind of PhD education leads to success? The second part focuses on the interactions of governance and research. How do changes at the national and organisational level influence research cooperation, research lines and research performance? The third part reflects the Europeanisation and Internationalisation of research and research funding. To what extent are research collaborations becoming international? How is the role of European funding agencies changing?
The Decision to Patent
This book provides a thorough analysis of the decision to apply for a patent. Unlike many other theoretical approaches, the negative effect a patent may have due to the disclosure requirement linked to every patent application is taken into account. Seen in this light, the effects driving the propensity to patent can be identified as the opposing forces of a protective and a disclosure effect.The theoretical investigation includes an analysis of patenting behavior in a setting with vertically and horizontally differentiated products. Due to imperfect patent protection competitors of the patentee may enter the market for the innovative product despite a patent. An empirical investigation of the theoretical results with data from the 2005 Mannheim Innovation Panel in combination with patent information from the European Patent Office provides strong evidence for the main conclusions.
The Shadow Economy
Illicit work, social security fraud, economic crime and other shadow economy activities are fast becoming an international problem. This second edition uses new data to reassess currency demand and the model approach to estimate the size of the shadow economy in 151 developing, transition, and OECD countries. This updated edition argues that during the 2000s the average size of the shadow economy varied from 19 per cent of GDP for OECD countries, to 30 per cent for transition countries, to 45 per cent for developing countries. It examines the causes and consequences of this development using an integrated approach to explain deviant behaviour that combines findings from economic, sociological, and psychological research. The authors suggest that increasing taxation and social security contributions, rising state regulatory activities, and the decline of the tax morale are all driving forces behind this growth, and they propose a reform of state public institutions in order to improve the dynamics of the official economy.
Networks for Social Impact
A broad review of how nonprofits, businesses, and governments work together to tackle social problems Networks for Social Impact takes a systems approach to explain how and when networks make a social impact. Michelle Shumate and Katherine R. Cooper argue that network design and management is not a one-size-fits-all formula. Instead, they show that the type of social issue, the mechanism for social impact, environment, and resources available each determine appropriate choices. Drawing on research from public administration, psychology, business, network science, social work, and communication, this book synthesizes what we know about how to best design and manage networks. It includes illus...
Challenging Boardroom Homogeneity
This book uses interviews with corporate board directors in Norway and analysis of US corporate securities filings to investigate quotas and disclosure in hiring practices.
Alternative Ideas from 10 (Almost) Forgotten Economists
How should we address today’s big problems, and what we can take from icons of economics past? How would John Maynard Keynes have resolved today’s debt problem, or how would Adam Smith have assessed the European carbon emission trading market? This book applies the ideas of ten renowned economists (Marx, Minsky, Keynes, Knight, Bergmann, Veblen, Sen, Myrdal, Smith, Robinson) to real world economic problems, directly or indirectly related to the causes and consequences of the 2008 financial crisis. Each chapter presents an economist, and structures the ‘problem’, the ‘insight’ (the economist’s idea), the ‘economist’ (short bio), and two ‘practices’ offering real-world alternatives. This book presents a lively and original approach that will be of interest to economists and non-economists alike, discussing key elements of an economics for a postcapitalist economy and connecting policy insights to real-world problems of today.
Social Economics
A rich collection of current research in the growing field of social economics, covering such issues as culture, gender, ethics, and philanthropic behavior. The growing field of social economics explores how individual behavior is affected by group-level influences, extending the approach of mainstream economics to include broader social motivations and incentives. This book offers a rich and rigorous selection of current work in the field, focusing on some of the most active research areas. Topics covered include culture, gender, ethics, and philanthropic behavior. Social economics grows out of dissatisfaction with a purely individualistic model of human behavior. This book shows how mainst...
Corporate Governance
Corporate Governance is a subject of great interest to academics, investors, and politicians throughout the world. Corporate governance is associated with the way firms are managed and controlled. Countries have adopted different governance systems to resolve the corporate governance issues. Anglo-Saxon systems differ from European and Japanese systems, and Eastern Europe and China, for instance, experiment with the way private organizations should be governed. Despite the great interest and intense debate, empirical evidence on the effectiveness of various governance systems is still sparse. This book brings together most current contributions from various perspectives and from an international angle. The book is an essential reading for academics, university students, practitioners, investors, politicians, and legislators.
WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management
How can a personal desire to leave a lasting mark and criticism of the German university system lead to the establishment of an internationally renowned institution of higher education? Klaus Brockhoff provides the answer to this question by accurately tracing the detailed 35-year history of WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management – and highlighting all of its highs and lows in the process. Despite the challenges associated with founding and operating an institution of higher education, it was always and will continue to be the remarkable spirit of the donor, university administration members, employees as well as students, alumni and sponsors that make a decisive contribution to the ov...
