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Realizing that crests are really assigned to a specific individual and not a family, I have still chosen to show the crests that are associated with the O’Malleys and Ritschharts. The O’Malley crest is a prominent fixture in any of the Irish Heraldry shops and I personally observed in inside the Catholic Abbey on Clare Island just off the coast of Westport in County Mayo. The Abbey dates back to the mid-15th century. The inscription at the bottom of the O’Malley crest translates to “Valiant by Sea and Land”. I observed the Ritschhart crest on a large wooden mural in the Church in Hilterfingen, Switzerland. The Ritschhart name and crest appears 8 times on the mural, donated in 1731 by 32 prominent families in the area.
PREFACE The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), sponsored by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) and the g- ernments of the participating countries, is acomparative study of education in mathematics and the sciences conducted in approximately 50 educational systems on six continents. The goal of TIMSS is to measure student achievement in mathematics and science in participating countries and to assess some of the curricular and classroom factors that are related to student learning in these subjects. The study is intended to provide educators and policy makers with an unpar- leled and multidimensional perspective on mathema...