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Among the proliferation of Protestant sects across England in the seventeenth century, a remarkable number began adopting demonstratively Jewish ritual practices. From circumcision to Sabbath-keeping and dietary laws, their actions led these movements were labelled by their contemporaries as Judaizers, with various motives proposed. Were these Judaizing steps an excrescence of over-exuberant biblicism? Were they a by-product of Protestant apocalyptic tendencies? Were they a response to the changing status of Jews in Europe? In Jewish Christians in Puritan England, Aidan Cottrell-Boyce shows that it was instead another aspect of Puritanism that led to this behaviour: the need to be recognised as a 'singular', positively distinctive, Godly minority. This quest for demonstrable uniqueness as a form of assurance united the Judaizing groups with other Protestant movements, while the depiction of Judaism in Christian rhetoric at the time made them a peculiarly ideal model upon which to base the marks of their salvation.
Roger Chickering offers the most comprehensive history ever written of a German city at war.
E.H. Carr (1892-1982) was born into security but lived a life of controversy. Attacked for appeasing both Hitler and Stalin, he was not only one of the most productive writers of the Twentieth-century but one of its most provocative as well. In this book - the first ever to deal critically but fairly with Carr's contribution to international relations, Soviet Studies and the study of history - sixteen internationally respected authors grapple with his complex intellectual legacy. For those seriously interested in understanding the life and times of this most English of establishment radicals this is the place to begin.
Biografie van de Britse journalist David Astor (1912- ), tussen 1948 en 1975 hoofdredacteur van The Observer.