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In Western societies the incidence and prevalence of respiratory and food-related allergies have increased rapidly over the past decades. Changes in life style are thought to be involved in this increase, namely hygiene, child vaccination, housing insulation and food consumption patterns. This book reflects the current ideas for future possibilities of allergy prevention, using integrated and multidisciplinary strategies and covering the entire knowledge framework from comprehensive fundamental research to implementation into society.
This book examines the use of high-pressure technology in food processing and preservation. The editors have assembled a respected list of contributors from both academia and industry to explore the fundamental aspects of this non-thermal treatment of foods, beginning with a section on the evolution of high-pressure processing. The second part of the book consists of chapters dealing with the effects of this treatment on the microbiology, food quality, and food structure of foods. The next section looks at how this processing technique affects shelf life, liquid and solid foods. Finally, the book addresses the specific processing aspects, equipment, and the regulatory issues involved with high-pressure treatment.
The second edition of Contemporary Archaeology in Theory: The New Pragmatism, has been thoroughly updated and revised, and features top scholars who redefine the theoretical and political agendas of the field, and challenge the usual distinctions between time, space, processes, and people. Defines the relevance of archaeology and the social sciences more generally to the modern world Challenges the traditional boundaries between prehistoric and historical archaeologies Discusses how archaeology articulates such contemporary topics and issues as landscape and natures; agency, meaning and practice; sexuality, embodiment and personhood; race, class, and ethnicity; materiality, memory, and historical silence; colonialism, nationalism, and empire; heritage, patrimony, and social justice; media, museums, and publics Examines the influence of American pragmatism on archaeology Offers 32 new chapters by leading archaeologists and cultural anthropologists
Because nearly all aspects of culture depend on the movement of bodies, objects, and ideas, mobility has been a primary topic during the past forty years of archaeological research on small-scale societies. Most studies have concentrated either on local moves related to subsistence within geographically bounded communities or on migrations between regions resulting from pan-regional social and environmental changes. Gregson Schachner, however, contends that a critical aspect of mobility is the transfer of people, goods, and information within regions. This type of movement, which geographers term "population circulation," is vitally important in defining how both regional social systems and ...
This volume aims at providing a complete and updated overview of gene downregulation in plants performed through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Chapters guide readers through classical and newly developed protocols of VIGS to allow readers to initiate or optimize their own silencing experiments according to the methods. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Plants: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
After apartheid was dismantled, South Africa's townships anticipated a peace and development dividend. But as the ANC begins its second term in office (1999-2004), the cities have degenerated further into impoverished, polluted, under-serviced, zones of blight and despair. Indeed, in many respects, the townships were worse off than when the ANC took power. In this collection of essays, the author argues that the ANC's adoption of free-market economic and social policies is at the root of these problems and can be blamed for S Africa's uneven urban development.
In both developed and developing countries, the elderly have enjoyed significant declines in mortality and increased survival. At the same time, these trends have also given rise to many uncertainties and demands on resources which are often not given their due attention. Future mortality declines, particularly among the elderly, are often overshadowed by fears of their increasing share of the total population and the demands that this places on society to resolve the problems stemming from longer survival - problems, for example, which are not just a question of guaranteeing longer life but also of ensuring an acceptable health status. In recent years, there has been a substantial literatur...
Despite the frequency with which the term 'community' is used, it is hard to find any comprehensive exploration of the nature and value of community. This book tries to remedy this omission whilst taking seriously the idea that community can be of different kinds and can exist at different levels, and that these levels and kinds may come into conflict with one another. It focuses on the question of what kind of community is valuable at the level of the state. It then explores the limits that ideals of political community place upon cultural diversity within the state, and the limits that, in turn, ideals of global community place upon the self-determination of political communities. This book will be of interest to students of political theory, philosophy and international relations.
The first publication to outline the complex global story of human migration and dispersal throughout the whole of human prehistory. Utilizing archaeological, linguistic and biological evidence, Peter Bellwood traces the journeys of the earliest hunter-gatherer and agriculturalist migrants as critical elements in the evolution of human lifeways. The first volume to chart global human migration and population dispersal throughout the whole of human prehistory, in all regions of the world An archaeological odyssey that details the initial spread of early humans out of Africa approximately two million years ago, through the Ice Ages, and down to the continental and island migrations of agricultural populations within the past 10,000 years Employs archaeological, linguistic and biological evidence to demonstrate how migration has always been a vital and complex element in explaining the evolution of the human species Outlines how significant migrations have affected population diversity in every region of the world Clarifies the importance of the development of agriculture as a migratory imperative in later prehistory Fully referenced with detailed maps throughout
In High Pressure Processing of Foods, an array of international experts interrelate leading scientific advancements that use molecular biology techniques to explore the biochemical mechanisms of spore germination and inactivation by high pressure; investigate the inactivation of different spore species as functions of processing parameters such as pressure, temperature, time, food matrix, and the presence of anti-microbials; propose predictive mathematical models for predicting spore inactivation in foods treated with HPP; address commercial aspects of high pressure processing that include the high pressure equipment and packaging used to achieve the sterilization of bacterial spores in foods; and provide an assessment of the quality of food products preserved by HPP. High Pressure Processing of Foods is the landmark resource on the mechanisms and predictive modeling of bacterial spore inactivation by HPP.