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Advanced Technologies and Applications of Neutron Activation Analysis
This book highlights the advanced technologies and applications of neutron activation analysis (NAA). It discusses the latest developments influencing the performance and utility of different NAA techniques across wide areas of applications: nuclear technology, industry, medicine, clinical investigations, biology, geochemistry, soil contamination, waste management, diet, lifestyle and health, cosmology, archeology, forensic science, etc. The overall goal of the book is to promote innovation and development of NAA techniques, technologies, and nuclear culture by presenting high-quality chapters with numerous results at both national and international levels. The book will serve as a source for graduate and postgraduate students in nuclear sciences and applications and nuclear analytical techniques, experienced practitioners who want to implement or use other varieties of NAA, professional technicians and analysts, users of NAA, and other stakeholders who wish to better understand NAA techniques.
Imaging and Radioanalytical Techniques in Interdisciplinary Research
The overall goal of this book is to promote research and development of imaging and radioanalytical techniques by publishing high-quality chapters in this rapidly growing interdisciplinary field. This book discusses the principles and applications of imaging and radioanalytical techniques across a wide spectrum of interdisciplinary science, technology and medicine, where these techniques are expected to make significant difference and contribution. It also explores the history of the field, current trends, and future directions. The book focuses mainly on cutting-edge applications, and associated equipments and methods, such as instrumentation systems and computing hardware/software. The primary target audience for this book includes students, researchers, clinicians, and professionals who are interested in medical and ground penetrating radar (GPR) imaging, and radioanalytical techniques.
Use of Gamma Radiation Techniques in Peaceful Applications
This book deals with gamma radiation in many fields, which encompasses diverse factors that affect human and animal life inside an environment. These fields include nuclear and medical physics, industrial processes, environmental sciences, radiation biology, radiation chemistry, radiotherapy, agriculture and forestry, sterilization, the food industry, and so on. The book covers an overview of gamma background radiations and measurements, radioactive decay, radioecological applications in environmental gamma dosimetry, gamma-ray interaction, monocolor gamma, influence of gamma radiation on dynamical mechanical properties, influence of low-dose gamma irradiation treatments on microbial decontamination, gamma-ray ionization enhancement in tissues, gas-filled surge arresters, modeling plastic deformation located in irradiated materials, radiotherapy, application of radiation and genetic engineering techniques, and gamma-ray measurements using unmanned aerial systems. This book is expected to benefit undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, teachers, practitioners, policy makers, and every individual who has a concern for a healthy life.
Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants
This book covers such plants with edible modified storage subterranean stems (corms, rhizomes, stem tubers) and unmodified subterranean stem stolons, above ground swollen stems and hypocotyls, storage roots (tap root, lateral roots, root tubers), and bulbs, that are eaten as conventional or functional food as vegetables and spices, as herbal teas, and may provide a source of food additive or neutraceuticals. This volume covers selected plant species with edible modified stems, roots and bulbs in the families Iridaceae, Lamiaceae, Marantaceae, Nelumbonaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Orchidaceae, Oxalidaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae and Simaroubaceae. The edible species dealt with i...
Radiation Effects in Materials
The study of radiation effects has developed as a major field of materials science from the beginning, approximately 70 years ago. Its rapid development has been driven by two strong influences. The properties of the crystal defects and the materials containing them may then be studied. The types of radiation that can alter structural materials consist of neutrons, ions, electrons, gamma rays or other electromagnetic waves with different wavelengths. All of these forms of radiation have the capability to displace atoms/molecules from their lattice sites, which is the fundamental process that drives the changes in all materials. The effect of irradiation on materials is fixed in the initial event in which an energetic projectile strikes a target. The book is distributed in four sections: Ionic Materials; Biomaterials; Polymeric Materials and Metallic Materials.
Nuclear Fusion
Power production and its consumption and distribution are among the most urgent problems of mankind. Despite positive dynamics in introducing renewable sources of energy, nuclear power plants still remain the major source of carbon-free electric energy. Fusion can be an alternative to fission in the foreseeable future. Research in the field of controlled nuclear fusion has been ongoing for almost 100 years. Magnetic confinement systems are the most promising for effective implementation, and the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor is under construction in France. To accomplish nuclear fusion on Earth, we have to resolve a number of scientific and technological problems. This monograph includes selected chapters on nuclear physics and mechanical engineering within the scope of nuclear fusion.
Ancient Jewellery
00 Jewellery has a rare power to communicate, even across millennia, the feelings, beliefs, and aspirations of the people who wore it. Jewellery also contributes to the study of ancient art and metalworking techniques, for great skill was required to create what are often small-scale works of art. But the importance of surviving artifacts of the jeweller's craft--quite apart from the inherent attraction of individual pieces--is now increasing as the number of new scientific techniques available to archaeologists expands, complementing the more traditional methods of analysis. This book shows how important ancient jewellery is to interpreting the past. Jewellery has a rare power to communicat...
Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life Sciences
The book is very readable and serves as an excellent reference source for research in the fields of analytical methodology and application for a wide range of biological, medical, and environmental samples ... a very good compilation of technical papers.-Analyst.
Geology and Medicine
The development of the geological and medical sciences shows overlap through numerous historical threads, some of which are investigated here by an international authorship of geologists, historians and medical professionals. Some of the medical men considered here are the relatively well known Steno, Parkinson, William Hunter and Peter Duncan, as well as several more obscure individuals such as Sperling, Hodges, Lemoine, Siqués and a number of Italians. Their work included foundational geological studies, aspects of hydrogeology and the nature of fossils. The therapeutic use of geological materials has been practised since ancient times. A suite of magico-medicinal stones, some purportedly harvested from the bodies of fabulous animals, have ancient folklore roots and were worn as protective amulets and incorporated into medicines. Medicinal earths were credited with wide-ranging medicinal properties. Geology and Medicine: Historical Connections will be of particular interest to Earth scientists, medical personnel, historians of science and the general reader with an interest in science.
Analytical Applications of Nuclear Techniques
The IAEA has compiled this overview of current applications of nuclear analytical techniques (NATs). The contributions included in this book describe a variety of nuclear techniques and applications, such as those in the fields of environment and health, industrial processes, non-destructive testing, forensic and archaeological investigations, cosmochemistry and method validation. The techniques covered range from classical instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), its radiochemical derivative RNAA, in-beam methods such as prompt y neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), to X ray fluorescence (XRF) and proton induced X ray emission (PIXE) spectroscopy. Isotopic techniques to investigate element behaviour in biology and medicine, and also to validate other non-nuclear analytical techniques, are described. Destructive and non-destructiveapproaches are presented, along with their use to investigate very small and very large samples, archaeological samples and extraterrestrial samples. Several nuclear analytical applications in industry are described that have considerable socioeconomic impact wherever they can be implemented.
