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Computers are everywhere around us. We, for example, as air passengers, car drivers, laptop users with Internet connection, cell phone owners, hospital patients, inhabitants in the vicinity of a nuclear power station, students in a digital library or customers in a supermarket are dependent on their correct operation. Computers are incredibly fast, inexpensive and equipped with almost unimag- able large storage capacity. Up to 100 million transistors per chip are quite common today - a single transistor for each citizen of a large capital city in the world can be 2 easily accommodated on an ordinary chip. The size of such a chip is less than 1 cm . This is a fantastic achievement for an unbe...
Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry provides timely and critical reviews of important topics in medicinal chemistry together with an emphasis on emerging topics in the biological sciences, which are expected to provide the basis for entirely new future therapies. Sections I-IV are disease orientated and generally report on specific medicinal agents. Sections V and VI continue to emphasize important topics in medicinal chemistry, biology, and drug design. Section VII looks at Trends and Perspectives in the pharmaceuticals market. Critical reviews of the previous year's literature in many topics of interest to medicinal chemists Highlights major developments in medicinal chemistry Includes a comprehensive set of cumulative indices to easily locate topics in all published volumes
Test functions (fault detection, diagnosis, error correction, repair, etc.) that are applied concurrently while the system continues its intended function are defined as on-line testing. In its expanded scope, on-line testing includes the design of concurrent error checking subsystems that can be themselves self-checking, fail-safe systems that continue to function correctly even after an error occurs, reliability monitoring, and self-test and fault-tolerant designs. On-Line Testing for VLSI contains a selected set of articles that discuss many of the modern aspects of on-line testing as faced today. The contributions are largely derived from recent IEEE International On-Line Testing Workshops. Guest editors Michael Nicolaidis, Yervant Zorian and Dhiraj Pradhan organized the articles into six chapters. In the first chapter the editors introduce a large number of approaches with an expanded bibliography in which some references date back to the sixties. On-Line Testing for VLSI is an edited volume of original research comprising invited contributions by leading researchers.
Many aspects of drug safety have become an outstanding and even persistent issue and may occur during the process of both drug discovery and development. Until 15 years ago, drug discovery and evaluation was primarily a sequential process starting with the selection of the most pharmacologically active compound from a series of newly synthesized small molecule chemical series by means of distinctive pharmacological assays. Safety aspects were addressed by evaluation of the selected compound at high doses in a series of specific studies directed at indications other than the intended indication of the new compound. These tests are then followed by pharmacokinetic studies, which are primarily ...
Proceedings -- Parallel Computing.