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Control of Metabolic Processes
THIS BOOK collects together papers given at a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held at Il Ciocco (Lucca), Italy, from the 9th to the 15th April, 1989. It sets out to present the current state of understanding of the principles governing the way fluxes and concentrations are maintained and controlled in metabolic systems. Although this is a topic that has held the interest of biochemists for many years, it is only quite recently that the methods of analysing the kinetics of multi-enzyme pathways developed over the past two decades have come to be widely discussed or applied experimentally. Many biochemists remain sceptical that the new methods offer a real advance (except in complexity) over t...
Structuralism and Form in Literature and Biology
The book considers biology in parallel with philosophical structuralism in order to argue that notions of form in the organism are analogous to similar ideas in structuralist philosophy and literary theory. This analogy is then used to shed light on debates among biological scientists from the turn of the 19th century to the present day, including Cuvier, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Dawkins, Crick, Goodwin, Rosen and West-Eberhard. The book critiques the endorsement of genetic manipulation and bioengineering as keys to solving agricultural and environmental problems, suggesting that alternative models have been marginalized in the promotion of this discourse. Drawing from the work of philosophers including Cassirer, Saussure, Jakobson and Foucault the book ultimately argues that methods based on agroecology, supported by molecular applications (such as marker-assisted selection, MAS), can both advance agricultural development and remain focused on the whole organism.
Technological and Medical Implications of Metabolic Control Analysis
Two decades have passed since the mechanisms of protein synthesis became well enough understood to permit the genetic modification oforganisms. An impressive amount of new knowledge has emerged from the new technology, but much ofthe promise of20years ago has notyet been fulfilled. In biotechnology, efforts to increase the yields of commercially valuable metabolites have been less successful than ex pected, and when they have succeeded it has often been as much from selective breeding as from new methods. The cell is more complicated than what is presented in the classical teaching of biochemistry, it contains more structure than was dreamed of 20 years ago, and the behaviour ofany systemofenzymes is more elaborate than can be explained in terms ofa single supposedly rate-limiting enzyme. Even if classical enzymology and meta bolism may have seemed rather unfashionable during the rise ofmolecular biology, they remain central to any modification ofthe metabolic behaviour oforganisms. As such modification is essential in much ofbiotechnology and drug development, bio technologists can only ignore these topics at their peril.
New Beer in an Old Bottle. Eduard Buchner and the Growth of Biochemical Knowledge
We should commemorate the centenary of Buchner’s discovery not only because of its inherent importance and interest, but also because vitalist ways of thinking have by no means disappeared, and modern biologists need to be constantly on their guard agaisnt them. Far worse than vitalism, which in Pasteur’s hands was, after all, based on rational interpretation of apparently coherent observations, the past few decades have seen the return of obscurantist mysticism in the formo f socalled “creation science” and other abuses of the intellect. Forgetting the history of biology is no way to combat these, ant they provide another reason why it is worthwhile to recall how our current ideas cam into existence.
Glucokinase and Glycemic Diseases
The glucose-phosphorylating enzyme glucokinase (also known as hexokinase IV) plays a preeminent role as a glucose sensor and regulatory metabolic enzyme. The implications of this central position of glucokinase for the understanding and treatment of diabetes mellitus are far reaching. This book addresses the molecular and human genetic, as well as the physiological-chemical and pharmacological aspects of the role glucokinase plays in glucose homeostasis and diseases of glucose metabolism, and how the enzyme serves as the drug target for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The collection of assays by a team of internationally renowned authors includes basic science chapters dealing with the e...
Encyclopedia of Astrobiology
Astrobiology is a remarkably interdisciplinary field. This reference serves as a key to understanding technical terms from the different subfields of astrobiology, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, the geosciences and the space sciences.
Signal Transduction and Bacterial Virulence
In order to survive, bacteria must constantly monitor their structure and physiology. Adaptive behaviours are established by using environmental sensors and response regulators. These communication modules regulate a wide variety of signals including host detection and invasion, cell cycle, metabolite utilization, starvation and many others. The purpose of this volume is to give an overview of the various systems and to introduce recent advances in understanding selected systems of pathogenic bacteria.
Spontaneous and Induced Intima Formation in Blood Vessels
Atherosclerosis, the most common disease in humans and also the main cause of death in the Western world, only develops after an intima is formed. The intima is defined as the region of the arterial wall from the endothelial surface to the luminal margin of the media. This volume considers all aspects of intima formation based on results which had been obtained by studying three different models: - Spontaneous intima formation; - Experimentally induced intima formation; - Latrogeneously induced intima formation.
Monoclonal Antibodies in Transplantation
Experimental and clinical evidence presented in this book illustrates that antibodies expressing different specificities can be very effective in preventing or reversing established transplant rejection. Moreover, the data leads us to hope that the use of these new therapeutic agents may allow the induction of specific tolerance to transplant alloantigens which is the only means to avoid the major risks of sustained immunosuppression, namely an increased susceptibility to infection and tumor development. In this volume the editors combine contributions dealing with very practical aspects of the clinical use of monoclonal antibodies with a more general discussion on the developments one may foresee in the near future.
