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Demographic Change and Ethnic Survival among the Sedentary Populations on the Jesuit Mission Frontiers of Spanish South America, 1609-1803
Beginning in 1609, Jesuit missionaries established missions (reductions) among sedentary and non-sedentary native populations in the larger region defined as the Province of Paraguay (Rio de la Plata region, eastern Bolivia). One consequence of resettlement on the missions was exposure to highly contagious old world crowd diseases such as smallpox and measles. Epidemics that occurred about once a generation killed thousands. Despite severe mortality crises such as epidemics, warfare, and famine, the native populations living on the missions recovered. An analysis of the effects of epidemics and demographic patterns shows that the native populations living on the Paraguay and Chiquitos missions survived and retained a unique ethnic identity. A comparative approach that considers demographic patterns among other mission populations place the case study of the Paraguay and Chiquitos missions into context, and show how patterns on the Paraguay and Chiquitos missions differed from other mission populations. The findings challenge generally held assumptions about Native American historical demography.
Conflict and Conversion in Sixteenth Century Central Mexico
Concerns over native resistance to evangelization on and beyond the Chichimeca frontier (the frontier between sedentary and nomadic natives) prompted the Augustinian missionaries to use graphic visual images of hell to convince natives to embrace the new faith. The Augustinians believed that they were in a war against Satan.
Frontiers of Evangelization
The Spanish crown wanted native peoples in its American territories to be evangelized and, to that end, facilitated the establishment of missions by various Catholic orders. Focusing on the Franciscan missions of the Sierra Gorda in Northern New Spain (Mexico) and the Jesuit missions of Chiquitos in what is now Bolivia, Frontiers of Evangelization takes a comparative approach to understanding the experiences of indigenous populations in missions on the frontiers of Spanish America. Marshaling a wealth of data from sacramental, military, and census records, Robert H. Jackson explores the many factors that influenced the stability of mission settlements, including the indigenous communities’...
The Jesuits in Spanish America in 1767
On June 25, 1767, royal officials in all Spanish territories, including the Americas, began the process of expelling the members of the Society of Jesus. At the time there were some 2,200-2,400 Jesuits in Spanish America, and they staffed urban colegios and frontier missions. This book provides an overview of Jesuit institutions at the time of the expulsion order, their urban role, and the status of frontier missions focusing on the case study of several issues related to the Missions among the Guaraní in South America. This volume contains a visual catalog of historic maps, and historic and contemporary images of selected Jesuit colegios and other urban institutions.
The Bourbon Reforms and the Remaking of Spanish Frontier Missions
During the eighteenth century the Spanish Bourbon monarchs attempted to transform Spanish America. This study analyses the efforts to transform frontier missions, and the consequences and particularly demographic consequences for the indigenous peoples that lived on the missions.
The Dominicans in the Americas and the Philippines (c. 1500–c. 1820)
The Dominicans in the Americas and the Philippines (c. 1500–c. 1820) is part of a renewal of interest in the global history of the Dominican Order. Many of the essays were carefully selected among some of the papers presented at the III International Conference on the History of the Order of Preachers in the Americas, a gathering that stands in continuity with the conferences of Mexico (2013) and Bogotá (2016). This book, the contributors of which are active researchers specializing in the history of the Order of Preachers in Latin America, is organized in four parts: Women and the Order of Preachers; “Benditos Bienes”: Libraries and Material Patrimony; Missions, Devotional, and Daily...
Viceroy Güemes’s Mexico
Viceroy Güemes’s Mexico: Rituals, Religion, and Revenue examines the career of Juan Francisco Güemes y Horcasitas, viceroy of New Spain from 1746 to 1755. It provides the best account yet of how the colonial reform process most commonly known as the Bourbon Reforms did not commence with the arrival of José de Gálvez, the visitador general to New Spain appointed in 1765. Rather, Güemes, ennobled as the conde de Revillagigedo in 1749, pushed through substantial reforms in the late 1740s and early 1750s, most notably the secularization of the doctrinas (turning parishes administering to Natives over to diocesan priests) and the state takeover of the administration of the alcabala tax in ...
Pames, Jonaces, and Franciscans in the Sierra Gorda
In the mid-sixteenth century, the Spanish faced a prolonged conflict in Mexico known as the Chichimeca War (1550–1600) beyond the porous cultural frontier between the sedentary indigenous populations of central Mexico and the bands of nomadic hunters and gatherers collectively known by the derogatory Náhuatl term “Chichimeca” or “Mecos”. Franciscan, Dominican, and Augustinian missionaries developed methods and an organizational scheme to evangelize the sedentary populations of central Mexico, but this did not work well beyond the Chichimeca frontier where missions often proved to be ephemeral. Moreover, the missionaries uncovered evidence of the persistence of pre-Hispanic religio...
Los oficios en las sociedades indianas
Este libro colectivo retoma un tema ya antiguo en la historia social para adaptarlo a nuevas perspectvias, ámbitos, fuentes y métodos. Se interesa en el estudio de los oficios en los entornos novohispano y andino: en sus orígenes, relaciones laborales, ténicas, saberes, productos y condición social de quienes los ejercían. Las distintas constribuciones emplean recursos cuantitativos, pero también se acercan a los trabajdores de "carne y hueso". Las hisotrias de vida, creencias, emociones, conflictos cotidianos e identidades son parte importante de la narrativa. Los oficios estudiados no son solamente los clásicos —como los mineros, marineros y obrajeros— sino también otros que habían pasado casi inadvertidos, como los jicareros, recolectors de miel y las mujeres comerciantes. Asímismo, se incluyó a otros —los párrocos, médios y "oficiales de pluma"— que podían ser parte de la elite, pero compartían situaciones y condiciones que hacían posible considerarlos dentro del variado mundos de los oficios. El conjunto permite renovar y poner al día el fascinante panorama del mundo laboral indiano.
