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In recent years, a number of structural developments have had a significant influence on the functioning of financial markets. The most important of these developments are the introduction of the euro, the spread of electronic trading, shifts in the constellation and behaviour of market participants and changes in relative supplies of different assets. There is some evidence that such developments have led to shifts in liquidity among different market segments and, moreover, that market liquidity is less robust than in the past. Furthermore, some of the largest government securities markets have begun to lose their pre-eminence as centres for price discovery about macroeconomic fundamentals,...
This paper presents evidence that the cost channel' may be an important part of the monetary transmission mechanism. We argue that if working capital is an essential component of production and distribution, monetary contractions can affect output through a supply channel as well as the traditional demand-type channels. We specify an industry equilibrium model and use it to interpret the results of a VAR analysis. We find that following a monetary contraction, many industries exhibit periods of falling output and rising price-wage ratios, consistent with a supply shock in our model. We also show that the effects are noticeably more pronounced during the period before 1979.