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Acetic Acid Bacteria
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The theory and practice of examples in bilingual dictionaries
The dictionary example is the culminating component of the information presented in articles of dictionaries intended for language learning. This study analyses the example comprehensively: its provenance, its theoretical status, its distinction from multiword lexical units (to be presented as infralemmas), types and specific functions. The example not only illustrates the data provided by the definition, the equivalent, the grammatical, collocational and pragmatic items, but also provides valuable complementary information on the use of each lexical unit described. Examples are models with which users can form other sentences but are also instantiations of the language that escape systematicity and reflect unpredictable but real uses. Theoretical reflection on the theory of the example (with special emphasis on the bilingual), analysis of how (especially bilingual) dictionaries present examples and what kind of information each type of example provides can assist lexicographers in planning their dictionaries and making theoretically based choices when it comes to the selection and presentation of examples.
The Continuity of Linguistic Change
The Continuity of Linguistic Change presents a collection of selected papers in honour of Professor Juan Andrés Villena-Ponsoda. The essays revolve around the study of linguistic variation and the mechanisms and processes associated with linguistic change, a field to which Villena-Ponsoda has dedicated so many years of research. The authors are researchers of renowned international prestige who have made significant contributions in this field. The chapters cover a range of related topics and provide modern theoretical and methodological perspectives, addressing the structural, cognitive, historical and social factors that underlie and promote linguistic change in varieties of Dutch, German, Greek, Italian, Spanish and Swedish. The reader will find contributions that explore topics such as phonology, acoustic phonetics and processes deriving from the contact between languages or linguistic varieties, specifically levelling, koineisation, standardisation and the emergence of ethnolects.
Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies in the New World
The presence of ancient road networks in the New World is a puzzle, because they predate the use of wheeled transport vehicles. But whatever their diverse functions may have been, they remain the only tangible indication of how extinct American societies were regionally organised. Contributors to this volume, originally published in 1991, describe past studies of prehispanic roads in the southwestern United States, Mexico, Central and South America, paying special attention to their significance for economic and political organisation, as well as regional communication.
Address in Portuguese and Spanish
The volume provides the first systematic comparative approach to the history of forms of address in Portuguese and Spanish, in their European and American varieties. Both languages share a common history—e.g., the personal union of Philipp II of Spain and Philipp I of Portugal; the parallel colonization of the Americas by Portugal and Spain; the long-term transformation from a feudal to a democratic system—in which crucial moments in the diachrony of address took place. To give one example, empirical data show that the puzzling late spread of Sp. usted ‘you (formal, polite)’ and Pt. você ‘you’ across America can be explained for both languages by the role of the political and military colonial administration. To explore these new insights, the volume relies on an innovative methodology, as it links traditional downstream diachrony with upstream diachronic reconstruction based on synchronic variation. Including theoretical reflections as well as fine-grained empirical studies, it brings together the most relevant authors in the field.
Linguistic Corpora and Big Data in Spanish and Portuguese
In recent decades, corpus linguistics has experienced tremendous development in the Hispanic world, along two opposite but complementary approaches: increase in corpus size (corpus linguistics as Big Data) and improvement in document selection and data annotation (corpus linguistics as High Quality Data). The first approach has led to the creation of massive corpora such as EsTenTen; at the same time, it has promoted the use of the web and social networks as corpora. The second perspective gives rise to specialized corpora such as Post Scriptum or Oralia Diacrónica del español (ODE). The contributions gathered in this volume combine both methods in order to exploit their advantages and to overcome their possible limitations. On the one hand, it addresses the creation and design of small corpora focused on data quality; on the other hand, it offers case studies that make use of both specialized corpora and massive data extracted from the web. Highlighting the complementary nature of both methods is the main idea of this book.
Hybrid Artificial Intelligent Systems
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Hybrid Artificial Intelligent Systems, HAIS 2021, held in Bilbao, Spain, in September 2021. The 44 full and 11 short papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 81 submissions. The papers are grouped into these topics: data mining, knowledge discovery and big data; bio-inspired models and evolutionary computation; learning algorithms; visual analysis and advanced data processing techniques; machine learning applications; hybrid intelligent applications; deep learning applications; and optimization problem applications.
18th International Conference on Soft Computing Models in Industrial and Environmental Applications (SOCO 2023)
This book of Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing contains accepted papers presented at SOCO 2023 conference held in the beautiful and historic city of Salamanca (Spain) in September 2023. Soft computing represents a collection or set of computational techniques in machine learning, computer science, and some engineering disciplines, which investigate, simulate, and analyze very complex issues and phenomena. After a through peer-review process, the 18th SOCO 2023 International Program Committee selected 61 papers which are published in these conference proceedings and represents an acceptance rate of 60%. In this relevant edition, a particular emphasis was put on the organization of sp...
15th International Conference on Soft Computing Models in Industrial and Environmental Applications (SOCO 2020)
This book contains accepted papers presented at SOCO 2020 conference held in the beautiful and historic city of Burgos (Spain), in September 2020. Soft computing represents a collection or set of computational techniques in machine learning, computer science and some engineering disciplines, which investigate, simulate, and analyze very complex issues and phenomena. After a through peer-review process, the SOCO 2020 International Program Committee selected 83 papers which are published in these conference proceedings and represents an acceptance rate of 35%. Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the SOCO 2020 edition was blended, combining on-site and on-line participation. In this relevant edition ...
