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No mundo todo, há um aparente consenso sobre a importância das pequenas empresas para o desenvolvimento econômico. Por outro lado, não há acordo quanto ao conceito do que é uma pequena empresa. Muitas são as definições adotadas de país para país, que variam em razão da finalidade do seu emprego. Nas definições de pequena empresa, são utilizados inúmeros critérios, tais como número de empregados, receita bruta, patrimônio líquido, pequena fatia do mercado, valor dos ativos, entre outros. Atualmente, as definições de pequena empresa costumam ser estabelecidas por enunciados simples, compostos por poucos critérios de caráter objetivo. No Brasil, essa tendência ao encolh...
“[...] Pode-se dizer que os trabalhos que compõem a obra que ora se apresenta, são resultado de estudos, reflexões, debates desde os bancos acadêmicos aos corredores forenses, desde eventos jurídicos realizados na cidade de Londrina, bem como, em âmbito nacional, pois nesses ambientes se encontram operadores do direito pesquisando, refletindo sob uma perspectiva crítica e, acima de tudo, vivenciando questões referentes à seara penal. Nesta senda, com o intuído de buscar um registro acadêmico, como no formato que hora se apresenta, foi possível agrupar artigos produzidos por advogadas e advogados com raízes na cidade de Londrina. O eixo de reflexão proposto, parte do fato de q...
Estudos apontam que 99% (noventa e nove por cento) das empresas em funcionamento no país são pequenos negócios categorizados como microempreendedor individual - MEI, microempresa - ME ou empresa de pequeno porte - EPP. Esses pequenos negócios são responsáveis por 52% (cinquenta e dois por cento) dos empregos formais atualmente existentes, por 26% (vinte e seis por cento) do total de salários pagos no país, por 27% (vinte e sete por cento) do Produto Interno Bruto - PIB e por 0,9% (nove décimos por cento) do valor total das exportações. As estatísticas acima apontadas são um indicativo da importância da pequena empresa na economia. Dentro desse contexto, o presente trabalho busc...
The past decade has seen considerable interest and progress in unraveling the beneficial health effects of tea, particularly its polyphenolic components and its antioxidant activity. Understanding the science behind the claims will help in the production and marketing of teas and tea products. Pulling together recent research and presenting it in an organized format, Tea and Tea Products discusses the manufacturing and chemistry of various teas including green, black, Pu-erh, white, and GABA teas. Emphasizing black and green teas equally, the book presents comprehensive and up-to-date reviews and perspectives on the chemistry of tea components and the molecular biology of green tea catechins...
Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is being rapidly introduced into the clinical management of early breast cancer. APBI, in fact, encompasses a number of different techniques and approaches that include brachytherapy, intraoperative, and external beam techniques. There is currently no single source that describes these techniques and their clinical implementation. This text is a concise handbook designed to assist the clinician in the implementation of APBI. This includes a review of the principles that underlie APBI, a practical and detailed description of each technique for APBI, a review of current clinical results of APBI, and a review of the incidence and management of treatment related complications.
Modern medical imaging and radiation therapy technologies are so complex and computer driven that it is difficult for physicians and technologists to know exactly what is happening at the point-of-care. Medical physicists responsible for filling this gap in knowledge must stay abreast of the latest advances at the intersection of medical imaging an
This text is a primer for liquid crystals, polymers, rubber and elasticity. It is directed at physicists, chemists, material scientists, engineers and applied mathematicians at the graduate student level and beyond.
With contributions by numerous experts
This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the art review of the intersection of male and female reproductive and sexual health. The text comprehensively discusses the evaluation and management of physical, genetic, and psychological causes of male and female sexual dysfunction. Discussion of treatment focuses on current medical and surgical psychosexual therapies in both the male and female. The book highlights erectile, ejaculatory, and orgasmic disorders in the male; desire, arousal and orgasmic disorders in the female; and an integrated approach to the couple. Lifestyle modifications through diet and exercise and optimization of anthropomorphic characteristics are also discussed, including a holistic approach to these disorders that goes beyond a focus on the genital system alone. Sexual Dysfunction in Men and Women: An Interdisciplinary Approach serves as a resource for physicians and researchers interested in sexual medicine seeking a comprehensive overview of the practice and novel research in the field.
This paper studies the volatility of commodity prices on the basis of a large dataset of monthly prices observed in international trade data from the United States over the period 2002 to 2011. The conventional wisdom in academia and policy circles is that primary commodity prices are more volatile than those of manufactured products, even though most of the existing evidence does not actually attempt to measure the volatility of prices of individual goods or commodities. Rather the literature tends to focus on trends in the evolution and volatility of ratios of price indexes composed of multiple commodities and products. This approach can be misleading. Indeed, the evidence presented in this paper suggests that on average prices of individual primary commodities may be less volatile than those of individual manufactured goods.