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In Anglophone literature, historical questions about urban, socio-economic, political, religious, and cultural development have often been answered using Anglo-French, Anglo-Low Countries, and Anglo-Italian paradigms and sources. Medieval Germany has been largely overlooked, seen as a peripheral and irrelevant anomaly. Conversely, scholars from the German Rhineland have mostly remained within the traditions of civic public history and Landesgeschichte. As a result, they rarely engage with the historical questions raised in wider European discourses. This volume challenges these historiographical propensities by offering a fresh perspective on medieval urban Germany. It aims to integrate Cologne and the Rhineland more accurately and equitably into the wider histories of medieval Europe. The book engages with historical questions of wider relevance across both German and European medieval histories. It invites all scholars and students of medieval Europe to utilize Cologne as a key source for their research and writing.
Ducal charters illuminate politics, external relations, and the conduct of government, and also Breton society and institutions. The indispensable charter collection for the Breton lands in the complex period of the break-up of the Angevin hegemony. ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW Around 1200, sovereignty over the duchy of Brittany was disputed by the Angevin kings of England and the Capetian kings of France. With few local chronicle sources concerning Brittany in this important period, ducal charters provide crucial evidence for politics, external relations, and the conduct of government. They are also an essential source for Breton society and institutions in a period of rapid change and develop...
pt. 1. List of patentees.--pt. 2. Index to subjects of inventions.
Since the 1970s, the Otago Medical School has in fact been three schools, based in Dunedin, Christchurch, and Wellington. Its graduates include many distinguished researchers and practitioners all over the world. Modeled on the Edinburgh School, and opera
Modal verbs in English communicate delicate shades of meaning, there being a large range of verbs both on the necessity side (must, have to, should, ought to, need, need to) and the possibility side (can, may, could, might, be able to). They therefore constitute excellent test ground to apply and compare different methodologies that can lay bare the factors that drive the speaker’s choice of modal verb. This book is not merely concerned with a purely grammatical description of the use of modal verbs, but aims at advancing our understanding of lexical and grammatical units in general and of linguistic methodologies to explore these. It thus involves a genuine effort to compare, assess and c...
This three volume set LNCS 6352, LNCS 6353, and LNCS 6354 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, ICANN 2010, held in Thessaloniki, Greece, in September 2010. The 102 revised full papers, 68 short papers and 29 posters presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 241 submissions. The first volume is divided in topical sections on ANN applications, Bayesian ANN, bio inspired – spiking ANN, biomedical ANN, computational neuroscience, feature selection/parameter identification and dimensionality reduction, filtering, genetic – evolutionary algorithms, and image – video and audio processing.
In recent years the development of new classification and regression algorithms based on deep learning has led to a revolution in the fields of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analysis. The development of a theoretical foundation to guarantee the success of these algorithms constitutes one of the most active and exciting research topics in applied mathematics. This book presents the current mathematical understanding of deep learning methods from the point of view of the leading experts in the field. It serves both as a starting point for researchers and graduate students in computer science, mathematics, and statistics trying to get into the field and as an invaluable reference for future research.