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These last years, a new class of proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression has been unraveled besides such classical elements as polymerases, transcription factors or enhancers, directly responsible for gene expression. This class introduces a second order level of regulation which is superimposed on that of the standard regulators and is revealed by epigenetic modifications. One end of this group is occupied by the so-called gene insulators such as CTCF that organize the action of the standard regulators and of invasive chromatin in order to limit and target their action to a specific gene or genetic entity. At the other end, one would find the proteins operating at the level o...
In this report, the members of the Sonderforschungsbereich 74 'Molekularbiologie der Zelle' summarize the results of their research conducted from 1970 to 1988. The main topics treated in this detailed overview of research in the molecular biology of the cell include molecular mechanisms, plant molecular biology, development and differentiation, immunology, virology and gene transfer. The newcomer to molecular biology will find a detailed description of research done in K?ln which in most of the groups has become the basis for currently pursued interests. The contributors to this report conducted their research at the Institutes of Biochemistry, Developmental Biology, and Genetics of the Universit?t zu K?ln and the Max-Planck-Institut f?r Z?chtungsforschung in K?ln-Vogelsang.
Studies have shown that alterations of epigenetics and microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in the initiation and progression of human cancer. Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells is generally mediated by DNA hypermethylation of CpG island promoter and histone modification such as methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and tri-methylation of H3K27. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of various target genes. Specific miRNAs are aberrantly expressed and play roles as tumor suppressors or oncogenes during carcinogenesis. Important tumor suppressor miRNAs are silenced by epigenetic alterations, resulting in activation of target oncogenes in h...
L'originalité de la méthode Phénoménologique SémioPragmatique en recherche qualitative, inspirée des théories de Charles Peirce, est d'être phénoménologique tout en étant fondée sur un principe formel de mise en ordre des données empiriques. Cette association a priori contre nature limite les biais interprétatifs et confère une rigueur à l'analyse. Son raisonnement analytique part des faits saisis dans leurs contextes pour aller vers l'hypothèse par inférence abductive. Conçu comme un "manuel augmenté d'épistémologie", cet ouvrage propose des réponses aux principales questions que pose encore l'analyse qualitative, à partir d'une description fine des différentes opé...
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This text explores biochemical principles. Its introduction presents the four classes of biomolecules and gives an overview of thermodynamics and kinetics. Chapters cover: cell structure and function; enzymes; enzyme kinetics; and reaction mechanisms.