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Agricultural Markets Instability
Since the financial and food price crises of 2007, market instability has been a topic of major concern to agricultural economists and policy professionals. This volume provides an overview of the key issues surrounding food prices volatility, focusing primarily on drivers, long-term implications of volatility and its impacts on food chains and consumers. The book explores which factors and drivers are volatility-increasing and which others are price level-increasing, and whether these two distinctive effects can be identified and measured. It considers the extent to which increasing instability affects agents in the value chain, as well as the actual impacts on the most vulnerable households in the EU and in selected developing countries. It also analyses which policies are more effective to avert and mitigate the effects of instability. Developed from the work of the European-based ULYSSES project, the book synthesises the most recent literature on the topic and presents the views of practitioners, businesses, NGOs and farmers' organizations. It draws policy responses and recommendations for policy makers at both European and on international levels.
Decoupling direct payments in North Macedonia
North Macedonia’s ambition to join the European Union requires reforms of the agricultural sector and subsidy system. One major reform is the alignment to the rules of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union on direct payments, including the “decoupling” of direct payments from production quantities. The decoupling of direct payments is likely to have significant impacts on production decisions, prices and therefore on farmer income. This paper identifies four possible scenarios for North Macedonia to align the direct payment scheme to the regulations of the European Union and subsequently analyses the impact of each scenario on farmer income, using an ex ante analys...
Realigning policy interventions on agricultural prices
COVID-19 has resulted in a shock to agrifood systems around the world, with the potential for low- and middle-income countries to be particularly affected. Although policy responses were more muted than during the 2007–2008 world food crisis, efforts to insulate from supply shocks and ensure local availability during COVID-19 have generally included export restrictions and import tariff reductions, among other responses. In an effort to enable rapid market monitoring and realignment, we develop a new indicator defined as a monthly nominal rate of protection “express” which seeks to isolate as much as possible the effect of trade and market policies on domestic prices in real-time in or...
Achieving sustainable agricultural practices: From incentives to adoption and outcomes
Sustainable agricultural practices enable more efficient use of natural resources, mitigate the impact of agriculture on the environment, and strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change and climate variability. Because these practices usually require substantial effort or resource allocation from farmers, incentives are necessary to support farmer adoption. Despite growing interest, there has been little systematic evaluation of the incentives–adoption–outcome chain—that is, which incentives best promote adoption and which lead to desired sustainability outcomes. This brief presents the results of a literature review that examined (1) uptake agricultural practices under three kinds of incentives, market and nonmarket, regulations, and cross-compliance, and (2) the impact on productivity, profitability, and environmental sustainability. Based on this review, it offers a set of seven tested principles to follow in designing and implementing incentives for sustainable agriculture.
Agricultural sector review in Lebanon
The Agricultural Sector Review aims to provide an up-to-date picture of the current socio-economic situation of the agricultural sector in Lebanon and to identify key challenges and evidence-based strategies for policy-making. The first part provides a detailed overview of Lebanon's agricultural and food systems, including a section focused on the governance the overall policy framework and the specific policies currently governing the sector. The second part of this study consists of an identification of the challenges and issues that are currently affecting and constraining the development of the Lebanese agricultural sector to its full potential. Once identified these challenges, the study proposes several potential strategies and recommendations that could be applied at the policy-making level to drive the improvement of the sector. Finally, we provide a discussion towards a renewed national agricultural strategy; in which we reviewed some lessons learned from previous success stories in the agricultural sector in Lebanon and compile the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the agricultural sector.
Guidelines to increase the resilience of agricultural supply chains
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on food and agriculture have been felt all over the world. As the pandemic unfolded, considerable attention began to be paid to the resilience of agricultural supply chains to COVID-19-related shocks, as well as to natural and human-induced shocks more generally. These "Guidelines to increase the resilience of agricultural supply chains" are intended for policymakers and other stakeholders who need a broad grasp of the concepts, issues and possible approaches involved. Efforts to strengthen resilience to risks need to be based on a thorough analysis of the exposure and vulnerability of supply chains to them, and on a cost–benefit assessment of damages v...
Diversification perspectives of Guyana’s agrifood sector
Guyana’s agrifood systems are facing an increasing level of risk: rising sea-levels are eroding its coastal area, where much of the agricultural activity is located; recent off-shore oil discoveries threaten to crowd-out non-oil sectors; and a dependency on a limited number of agricultural export commodities exposes the agricultural sector to price and market volatility. The diversification of agricultural production and exports has the potential to generate growth and increase the resilience of the agricultural sector. This study identifies Guyana’s diversification potential using comparative-advantage and export-sophistication metrics, which are combined for a proximity analysis based ...
Agricultural transformation: trends in farm size, crop diversification and mechanization in Nicaragua and Peru
Structural change is a process in which the amount of labour, capital and land dedicated to agriculture (and other sectors) changes over time. In this study, we focus on the cases of Peru and Nicaragua using their two most recently administered agricultural censuses. The agricultural censuses permit us to identify dimensions and information available to study the process of structural change in Latin America over the last 20 years. The study includes a comparative analysis and policy recommendations based on the two most recent agricultural censuses administered in Nicaragua (2001 and 2011) and Peru (1994 and 2012). Processing and analysing information from these censuses contribute to ident...
THE FOODIE CULTURE
Discover the fascinating world of "Foodie" culture, a culinary odyssey that captures the essence of our collective love of food. On this journey, we delve into the most exquisite corners of food, exploring not only the flavors that excite our palate, but also the deep connection between food, culture, and society. Through detailed and passionate analysis, this book unfolds the layers of a global phenomenon that has transformed the way we experience, enjoy, and value food. From the evolution of food appreciation to the influence of digital media on our gastronomic choices, each page invites you to savor the richness of culinary diversity, the importance of conscious consumption, and the hedonistic pleasure that resides in every bite. "Foodie Culture" is a celebration of food as an art, a science, and a means of human connection, offering an in-depth perspective on how a passion for gastronomy shapes our world.
