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Equitable and Sustainable Pensions
Pension reform is high on the agenda of many advanced and emerging market economies, for many reasons. First, public pensions often constitute a large share of government expenditure. Second, population aging means that reforms would be needed just to keep pension spending from rising in the future. Third, in many economies, low or falling pension coverage will leave large segments of the population without adequate income in old age and at risk of falling into poverty. Although a number of studies have assessed the effects of pension reforms on fiscal sustainability, a systematic analysis of equity issues in pension systems—and how countries have grappled with these issues—has yet to be...
Mathematics In Science And Technology: Mathematical Methods, Models And Algorithms In Science And Technology - Proceedings Of The Satellite Conference Of Icm 2010
This unique volume presents reviews of research in several important areas of applications of mathematical concepts to science and technology, for example applications of inverse problems and wavelets to real world systems. The book provides a comprehensive overview of current research of several outstanding scholars engaged in diverse fields such as complexity theory, vertex coupling in quantum graphs, mixing of substances by turbulence, network dynamics and architecture, processes with rate — independent hysteresis, numerical analysis of Hamilton Jacobi — Bellman equations, simulations of complex stochastic differential equations, optimal flow control, shape optimal flow control, shape optimization and aircraft designing, mathematics of brain, nanotechnology and DNA structure and mathematical models of environmental problems. The volume also contains contributory talks based on current researches of comparatively young researchers participating in the conference.
Fragmented Politics and Public Debt
In this paper, we study the impact of fragmented politics on public debt—in particular, between two consecutive legislative elections. Using data for 92 advanced and developing countries during 1975-2015, we find a positive association between political fragmentation and public debt changes. Corruption magnifies the effects; with higher perceived corruption, political fragmentation has a bigger sway on debt increases. The influence of political fragmentation on debt dynamics is somewhat asymmetric, with larger and more significant effects during periods of debt reduction. Establishment of fiscal councils helps attenuate the negative impact of political fragmentation on public debt dynamics.
Unique Spiritual Philosophy of Sri Shirdi Sai Baba
Sri Shirdi Sai Baba (1838–1918) was the first Sai Avatar (incarnation) in the Sai Trinity. His name and fame have been spreading like wildfire throughout the world. He is venerated and worshipped by billions of inhabitants on this planet. His life as a Sufi fakir, simple yet penetrating teachings, countless astounding miracles, blessings to everyone who simply chant His name, "Sai" and His great impact as the unique Jagat Guru (Universal Master) are duly acknowledged by billions of people from all races, religions, cultures and nations. Many Shirdi Sai Baba temples have been built not only in India, but also in many foreign countries like the UK, USA, Russia, Africa, Mauritius and eastern countries. Almost fifty-eight websites and twelve journals propagate His name. Still, most Sai devotees in the world do not know many crucial facts about Him. The book contains valuable information about prominent Shirdi Sai organizations, web sites, temples and books.
Fiscal Politics
Two main themes of the book are that (1) politics can distort optimal fiscal policy through elections and through political fragmentation, and (2) rules and institutions can attenuate the negative effects of this dynamic. The book has three parts: part 1 (9 chapters) outlines the problems; part 2 (6 chapters) outlines how institutions and fiscal rules can offer solutions; and part 3 (4 chapters) discusses how multilevel governance frameworks can help.
Worldwide Government Directory with Intergovernmental Organizations 2013
Published for more than 24 years, there is no substitute for the Worldwide Government Directory, which allows users to identify and reach 32,000 elected and appointed officials in 201 countries, plus the European Union. Extensive coverage that includes over 1,800 pages of executive, legislative and political branches; heads of state, ministers, deputies, secretaries and spokespersons as well as state agencies, diplomats and senior level defense officials. It also covers the leadership of more than 100 international organizations. World Government contact information that includes phone numbers and email. Listings include: Name, addresses, telephone and fax numbers, email and web addresses Titles Hierarchical arrangements defining state structures
Social Protection in Transition Countries
The paper discusses the social protection implications of the weakening financial and administrative capacity of countries undergoing economic transition. The formal sector is shrinking, and unemployment and underemployment are rising rapidly. This is affecting both the revenue base of social protection programs and the ability of these countries to target social benefits. These developments make it imperative for these countries to restructure social benefits, rely more on self-targeting mechanisms to deliver benefits, as well as take immediate steps to improve payroll tax compliance. This is a Paper on Policy Analysis and Assessment and the author(s) would welcome any comments on the present text Citations should refer to a Paper on Policy Analysis and Assessment of the International Monetary Fund, mentioning the author(s) and the date of issuance. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the Fund.
Macroeconomics and Health
Describes a strategy for investing in health for economic development, especially in the world's poorest countries. The report proposes a partnership of developing and developed countries, to save eight million lives yearly, in developing countries from infectious diseases and maternal conditions.
Building Customer Loyalty through Value Added Services
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, , course: Management/Business Studies, language: English, abstract: The Indian cellular services market is growing at a rapid pace and the competition has also increased many folds. It has become imperative for the service providers to adopt such technologies and strategies which ensure their success in such a dynamic situation. As a result, the service providers are trying to develop an understanding about the customers in terms of enriching their experience by providing quality services resulting into a higher satisfaction and ultimately loyalty. With constantly dec...
