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Naturalists in the Field
Interposed between the natural world in all its diversity and the edited form in which we encounter it in literature, imagery and the museum, lie the multiple practices of the naturalists in selecting, recording and preserving the specimens from which our world view is to be reconstituted. The factors that weigh at every stage are here dissected, analysed and set within a historical narrative that spans more than five centuries. During that era, every aspect evolved and changed, as engagement with nature moved from a speculative pursuit heavily influenced by classical scholarship to a systematic science, drawing on advanced theory and technology. Far from being neutrally objective, the proce...
Под Командованием Витуса Беринга : Новые Перспективы В Изучении Камчатских Экспедиций
From 1725 until his death in 1741, Bering commanded two of the most ambitious journeys of exploration in the 18th century. Each required years of overland travel across Asia to reach desolate Kamchatka and the Pacific coast of Siberia, where the crews had to build their own ships. Only then could the search for the mythical Northeast Passage and the north-western coastline of America begin. During the late 1990s/early 21st century, the discovery of forgotten documents in Russian archives has revitalised the study of these classic expeditions, and the contributors to this volume are all part of the new scholarship. Here they examine such topics as expedition historiography, the participants' daily life, the beginnings of scientific ethnography and the connection between the expeditions' scientific objectives and their political ends. These political goals included the colonisation of northern Pacific islands and the North American coast, and manifested themselves in two sets of instructions -- one genuine, one false.
From Northeast Passage to Northern Sea Route
This volume is the first study of the entire history of the Northern Sea Route, from its earliest exploration to the twenty-first century. It includes the West-European search for a new waterway to the Orient (sixteenth to seventeenth century), the Russian Kamchatka expeditions (eighteenth century), and the navigation from Europe to the major rivers in north-west Siberia (late nineteenth to early twentieth century), as well as the Russian utilisation of the sea route in the Soviet epoch and later.
"The Oldest One in Russia"
The post-Soviet resurrection of the Russian Orthodox Church has once again brought the idyllic borderland monastery of Valaam into public notice. The fame of the monastery is largely based on its long and honorable historic image as the “Northern Athos” . This book argues that the fascinating and colorful image of Valaam was exclusively a result of the National Romanticist historiographic efforts of the 18th and 19th centuries. The work contributes, for instance, to the fields of nationality and borderland studies. It is a versatile case study of the multifaceted ways in which contemporary ideological trends and politics have been reflected in history writing.
Nordostpassage
Jahrhundertelang träumten europäische Seefahrer vergeblich von einer Ostroute durchs sibirische Eismeer: Willem Barents und Vitus Bering erlagen nach ihren »Entdeckungen« Spitzbergens und der Beringstraße den Strapazen ihrer Expeditionen, und selbst der erfolgsverwöhnte James Cook scheiterte an der Suche nach dem östlichen Ausgang aus den Eismassen. Die Sowjetunion erkämpfte sich den Seeweg durch den Einsatz von Eisbrechern, doch noch immer sank aus Hybris so manches Schiff. Ausgerechnet der Klimawandel öffnet nun die lange herbeigesehnte Wasserstraße – und macht sie zugleich zum Gegenstand unterschiedlichster Interessenkonflikte. Wirtschaftsraum für den Export von fossilen Rohstoffen oder Nationalpark im Sinne des Umwelt- und Klimaschutzes? Internationale Transitroute oder russisches Hoheitsgebiet?
"Captain Behring's Journal"
Sibirien und Amerika – Vom Meer getrennt oder durch Land verbunden? Unbekannte deutschsprachige Dokumente zu den Kamtschatka-Expeditionen von Vitus Bering. Die noch von Zar Peter angeordnete Kamtschatka-Expedition (1725-1730) unter Leitung des dänischen Kapitäns Vitus Bering sollte die Frage beantworten, ob zwischen Sibirien und Amerika eine Landverbindung bestand und zugleich den äußersten Osten Russlands weiter erschließen und kartographieren. Der von Bering verfasste Expeditionsbericht stieß in Russland weniger auf Interesse, umso mehr aber in Westeuropa, wo schon bald französische und englische Übersetzungen erschienen. Ihre Textvorlagen jedoch blieben bisher im Dunkeln. Die vo...
Antarctica and the Arctic Circle [2 volumes]
This one-stop reference is a perfect resource for anyone interested in the North and South Poles, whether their interest relates to history, wildlife, or the geography of these regions in the news today. Global warming, a hot topic among scholars of geography and science, has led to increased interest in studying the earth's polar ice caps, which seem to be melting at an alarming rate. This accessible, two-volume encyclopedia lays a foundation for understanding global warming and other issues related to the North and South Poles. Approximately 350 alphabetically arranged, user-friendly entries treat key terms and topics, important expeditions, major figures, territorial disputes, and much mo...
The Journal of Midshipman Chaplin
The First Kamchatka Expedition is a classic among the voyages of discovery, being famous for the discovery of the Bering Strait between Asia and North America. Chaplin's journal holds a special place among the documents of the expedition. It is the only official document that preserves its history in detail, day by day, from the author's departure from St. Petersburg on 24 January 1725 until his return to the Russian capital on 1 March 1730. The publication includes introductory articles and commentary by leading specialists, a glossary, indexes, and maps.
Ancient Karelia
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Vergessene Vielfalt
Forschungen zur transnationalen Geschichte konzentrieren sich zumeist auf die transatlantische Welt und verlieren dabei Ost- und Ostmitteleuropa aus dem Blick. Die Geschichte der auf besondere Weise verflochtenen Territorialisierungs- und Globalisierungsprozesse in Ostmitteleuropa bietet jedoch zusätzlichen Aufschluss. Bis weit in das 20. Jahrhundert hinein war der Wandel von imperialen zu nationalen Ordnungen keineswegs linear. Vielgestaltige Handlungs- und Wahrnehmungsräume existierten parallel und schlossen an eine lange Tradition grenzüberschreitender Verflechtungen an. Anstatt Ostmitteleuropa als unvollständig nationalisierte und damit nur bedingt "europäisierte" Region zu sehen, z...
