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In the past thirty years, two fundamental issues have emerged in the philosophy of science. One concerns the appropriate attitude we should take towards scientific theories--whether we should regard them as true or merely empirically adequate, for example. The other concerns the nature of scientific theories and models and how these might best be represented. In this ambitious book, da Costa and French bring these two issues together by arguing that theories and models should be regarded as partially rather than wholly true. They adopt a framework that sheds new light on issues to do with belief, theory acceptance, and the realism-antirealism debate. The new machinery of "partial structures" that they develop offers a new perspective from which to view the nature of scientific models and their heuristic development. Their conclusions will be of wide interest to philosophers and historians of science.
This book presents a study on the foundations of a large class of paraconsistent logics from the point of view of the logics of formal inconsistency. It also presents several systems of non-standard logics with paraconsistent features.
This unique collection of research papers provides an important contribution to the area of Mathematical Logic and Formal Systems. Exploring interesting practical applications as well as problems for further investigation, this single-source reference discusses the interpretations of the concept of probability and their relationship to statistical methods ... illustrates the problem of set theoretical foundations and category theory ... treats the various aspects of the theory of large cardinals including combinatorial properties of some sets naturally related to them ... resolves an open problem in the theory of relations ... and characterizes interpretations of elementary theories as functors between categories whose objects are structures. Written by world-renowned authorities in their fields, Mathematical Logic and Formal Systems is important reading for logicians, pure and applied mathematicians, and graduate students in logic courses. Book jacket.
The proceedings of the Second International Conference on [title] held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, April 1991, comprise 55 papers on topics including the logical specifications of reasoning behaviors and representation formalisms, comparative analysis of competing algorithms and formalisms, and ana
This book presents a collection of contributions from related logics to applied paraconsistency. Moreover, all of them are dedicated to Jair Minoro Abe,on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday. He is one of the experts in Paraconsistent Engineering, who developed the so-called annotated logics. The book includes important contributions on foundations and applications of paraconsistent logics in connection with engineering, mathematical logic, philosophical logic, computer science, physics, economics, and biology. It will be of interest to students and researchers, who are working on engineering and logic.
Anyone involved in the philosophy of science is naturally drawn into the study of the foundations of probability. Different interpretations of probability, based on competing philosophical ideas, lead to different statistical techniques, and frequently to mutually contradictory consequences.This unique book presents a new interpretation of probability, rooted in the traditional interpretation that was current in the 17th and 18th centuries. Mathematical models are constructed based on this interpretation, and statistical inference and decision theory are applied, including some examples in artificial intelligence, solving the main foundational problems. Nonstandard analysis is extensively developed for the construction of the models and in some of the proofs. Many nonstandard theorems are proved, some of them new, in particular, a representation theorem that asserts that any stochastic process can be approximated by a process defined over a space with equiprobable outcomes.
This is the second edition of my book Theoriae causalitatis principia mathematica. It is an excellent book for self-study and a pragmatic help for researchers too. The formal proofs, a lot of exercises and figures plus unusually detailed solutions will help the reader, especially in medical and other biosciences. This book is designed to provide both, a new mathematical methodology for making causal inferences from experimental and nonexperimental data and the underlying (philosophical) theory. This monograph will continue to be of great importance, the reader will enjoy reading this book.
Deleuze, Mathematics, Metaphysics provides new solutions to the central problems of the philosophy of mathematics by reconstructing Deleuze’s metaphysics. It does so through direct engagement with analytic and continental philosophy, along with the formal and natural sciences. These new Deleuzian solutions reject equally other-worldly accounts of mathematics, such as Platonism, and accounts which treat mathematics as a useful fiction or an empty formalist game. Instead, Deleuze, Mathematics, Metaphysics argues that mathematical truth is grounded in the necessity of difference itself. Since difference is entirely this-worldly, the truth of mathematics does not require us to posit the reality of transcendent entities or possible worlds. Doing so not only provides a new metaphysics of mathematics; it also explains the usefulness of mathematics for science and why mathematical truth appear to have such otherworldly properties in the first place.