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Nanobodies have become outstanding tools for biomedical research, diagnostics and therapy. Recent advances in the identification and functionalization of target-specific nanobodies now make nanobody-based approaches broadly available to many researches in the field. This book provides a compilation of original research articles and comprehensive reviews covering important and up to date aspects of research on nanobodies and their applications for immunoassays, proteomics, protein crystallization and in vitro and in vivo imaging.
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After destroying a horde of fledgling vampires with the help of her friends and allies, Natalie Pierce's hunt still isn't over. Her enemy has fled to parts unknown and will shortly begin to build a new army. The ancient vampire's ultimate goal is to turn the entire human race into his cattle. Nat and her friends aren't alone in their hunt. They have managed to forge a fragile alliance between the Japanese and European vampire nations, as well as with the human soldiers. Their peace won't last forever and the signs indicate that death and darkness awaits their kind. A betrayal is coming that will tear their alliances apart. Their fate has long ago been decided, but none yet knows exactly how or when their dwindling species will cease to be. (paranormal romance, fantasy romance, dark fantasy, vampire series, dark fantasy series, paranormal romance series)
Surprisingly what separates us from the open environment all around us sometimes is a single layer of epithelial cells. It is at these seemingly fragile sites that most pathogens, including HIV, influenza, emerging and biodefense agents, gain access to our inside milieu. While there are major similarities between the cells and the immune responses generated at the mucosal membranes of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts together with the genitourinary tract, there are also important differences. Knowledge of these differences and similarities is required in order to understand the interactions between us, as the host, and the pathogens that attack through each tract, and how our immu...
The plant toxin ricin is one of the most potent and lethal substances known. Due to its wide availability and the ease of production, ricin has been exploited as an agent of bioterrorism and biological warfare and is classified as a level B threat. Tons of ricin are produced annually worldwide as a by-product of castor oil, leading to exposure. Currently, there is no proven safe treatment for ricin intoxication. Ricin consists of an active A subunit (RTA) covalently linked to a cell binding B subunit (RTB). RTA depurinates a universally conserved adenine in the sarcin–ricin loop (SRL) of the large rRNA and inhibits protein synthesis. RTA-antibody complexes have been explored as immunotoxins against cancer cells. The articles published in this book address the history of ricin research, how ricin enters cells and traffics to the ribosome, how it inactivates ribosomes, how it induces inflammatory signaling pathways and programmed cell death, the design of therapies against ricin intoxication, and innovative assays for ricin detection.
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Ribosome Inactivating Toxins" that was published in Toxins
This key work in the field draws on a broad spectrum of molecular biologic, biochemical, and immunogenetic approaches in combination with human and murine in vitro cell culture and in vivo model systems to address questions in mucosal immunity. Humans produce more immunoglobulin A (IgA) than all other antibody isotypes combined. This book is designed to serve as a concise reference of the present knowledge of the biology of IgA.
These are just some of the questions to be addressed in this paper. We do not pretend to give the final and complete answers, as the field under study still has many grey areas and even some areas completely unexplored by scientific research. We aim to at least open the discussion on the subject of bioterrorism, without claiming to be the supreme authority in the field or the final voice. We do not even pretend that our work is relevant in terms of security solutions in such a complex and fluid security environment, where situations and states of affairs can change dramatically from year to year. However, our aim in this series of papers on bioterrorism is to clarify a number of notions, con...
The last 20 years has seen a rapid increase in infectious diseases, particularly those that are termed "emerging diseases" such as SARS, "neglected diseases" such as malaria and those that are deemed biothreats such as anthrax. It is well-recognized that the most effective modality for preventing infectious diseases is vaccination. This book provides researchers with a better understanding of what is currently known about these diseases, including whether there is a vaccine available or under development. It also informs readers of the key issues in development of a vaccine for each disease. - Provides a comprehensive treatise of the agents that are responsible for emerging and neglected diseases and those that can be used as biothreats - Includes the processes such as the vaccine development pathway, vaccine manufacturing and regulatory issues that are critical to the generation of these vaccines to the marketplace - Each chapter will include a map of the world showing where that particular disease is naturally found
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