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Technologies for Neonatal Care in LMICs
Newborn babies are arguably the most vulnerable class of patients in any society. They are entirely incapable of surviving on their own without external help from carers and society. A poorly attended newborn will more likely die than one who received well-guided and knowledgeable care. Therefore, the neonatal mortality rate of any society represents a quick measure of the efficiency of its healthcare system, available technologies, and knowledge base. It is common knowledge that low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) contribute over 80% of the global annual burden of neonatal deaths. Limited access to sustainable technologies for neonatal care is one of the major impediments to lowering neonatal mortality in LMICs. Highly sophisticated technologies as applied in high-income countries (HICs) may be unaffordable and unsustainable at LMICs, however, a well-crafted basic technology may be appreciably effective in lifesaving, affordable, and easily maintainable by the indigenous people. The promotion, adaptation, implementation, and scale-up of such appropriate technologies by other LMICs could offer them the quickest route to better neonatal survival.
Anemia
This book provides an up- to- date summary of many advances in our understanding of anemia, including its causes and pathogenesis, methods of diagnosis, and the morbidity and mortality associated with it. Special attention is paid to the anemia of chronic disease. Nutritional causes of anemia, especially in developing countries, are discussed. Also presented are anemias related to pregnancy, the fetus and the newborn infant. Two common infections that cause anemia in developing countries, malaria and trypanosomiasis are discussed. The genetic diseases sickle cell disease and thalassemia are reviewed as are Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Fanconi anemia and some anemias caused by toxins. Thus this book provides a wide coverage of anemia which should be useful to those involved in many fields of anemia from basic researchers to epidemiologists to clinical practitioners.
Deep Learning in Genetics and Genomics
Deep Learning in Genetics and Genomics: Vol. 2 (Advanced Applications) delves into the Deep Learning methods and their applications in various fields of studies, including genetics and genomics, bioinformatics, health informatics and medical informatics generating the momentum of today's developments in the field. In 25 chapters this title covers advanced applications in the field which includes deep learning in predictive medicines), analysis of genetic and clinical features, transcriptomics and gene expression patterns analysis, clinical decision support in genetic diagnostics, deep learning in personalised genomics and gene editing, and understanding genetic discoveries through Explainabl...
Malaria chemoprevention: preferred product characteristics
Preferred product characteristics” (PPCs) are key tools to incentivize and guide the development of urgently needed health products. The PPCs published here aim to articulate the public health need, preferred characteristics, and clinical development considerations for drugs for malaria chemoprevention. WHO recommends several chemoprevention strategies for malaria control, including seasonal malaria chemoprevention, perennial malaria chemoprevention, intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy, and mass drug administration. These strategies face a number of challenges such as suboptimal adherence and coverage and the emergence and spread of drug resistance. This document presents PPCs for the development of drugs for malaria chemoprevention in children, in pregnancy and in non-immune travellers, and outlines potential clinical development approaches, including the repurposing of approved malaria treatments for use as chemoprevention, recombining approved individual drugs into new combinations for malaria prevention, and the development of new drug combinations specifically for chemoprevention.
Strategy to respond to antimalarial drug resistance in Africa
The Strategy to respond to antimalarial drug resistance in Africa is a technical and advocacy document, grounded in the best available evidence to date and aimed at minimizing the threat and impact of antimalarial drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Africa. Its objectives are to: i) improve the detection of resistance to ensure a timely response; ii) delay the emergence of resistance to artemisinin and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) partner drugs; and iii) limit the selection and spread of resistant parasites where resistance has been confirmed.
Multiple first-line therapies as part of the response to antimalarial drug resistance
Effective malaria case management requires quick access to diagnostics and antimalarial treatments to reduce illness and death. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been essential to malaria treatment since 2001, as it combines artemisinin for rapid parasite reduction with a partner drug to ensure complete cure. However, resistance to antimalarial drugs, where parasites survive standard doses, threatens malaria control. Partial resistance to artemisinin, linked to Pfkelch13 mutations, has recently emerged in several African countries, leading to slower parasite clearance times. Artemisinin partial resistance does not lead to ACT failure where the partner medicines are still effect...
Technical consultation to review the effectiveness of rectal artesunate used as pre-referral treatment of severe malaria in children
This document is the report of a WHO technical consultation of independent experts convened in October 2022. The aim of the consultation was to conduct a formal evidence review of several studies evaluating the effectiveness of rectal artesunate (RAS) as a pre-referral treatment for severe malaria. In addition to the study published under the Community Access to Rectal Artesunate for Malaria Project, the review included other studies from early-use countries deploying RAS at the programmatic level. The main objective of the technical consultation was to support the development of guidance for the safe and effective implementation of this intervention based on the evidence from areas where RAS has already been implemented.
