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Osteoclasts
Osteoclasts are highly specialised cells, derived from the hematopoietic lineage, that resorb mineralised bone matrix. Osteoclast precursors can be recruited to the bone remodelling sites by specific cytokines in the microcellular environment, including some secreted by osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and osteocytes. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the morphology, functions and clinical implications of osteoclasts. Topics include osteoclast formation and function and its risk in skeletal bone disease; the high osteoclastogenic potential of human osteosarcoma cells; osteoclast biology regarding Paget's disease and p62 mutations; the role of immuno-skeletal interface in the regulation of osteoclast formation; and osteoclasts in patients with neurofibromatosis 1.
Osteoclasts
Bone mass is maintained by two specialised types of cells: bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive, multinucleated giant cells that originate from the monocyte/macrophage lineage of hematopoietic stem cells. Chapter one of this book describes the role miRNAs have in osteoclast differentiation and function. Chapter two investigates how the inhibition of complement activity influenced joint destruction in relation to osteoclast differentiation. Chapter three is a discussion on the effect of sepsis and bacterial infection on immune system activation, bone remodeling and osteoclast activation. The final chapter of the book provides a current view of possible roles of DC-STAMP in signalling.
Osteoclasts
Bone mass is maintained by two specialized types of cells: bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive, multinucleated giant cells that originate from the monocyte/macrophage lineage of hematopoietic stem cells. Chapter one of this book describes the role miRNAs have in osteoclast differentiation and function. Chapter two investigates how the inhibition of complement activity influenced joint destruction in relation to osteoclast differentiation. Chapter three is a discussion on the effect of sepsis and bacterial infection on immune system activation, bone remodeling and osteoclast activation. The final chapter of the book provides a current view of possible roles of DC-STAMP in signaling.
Biology and Physiology of the Osteoclast
Biology and Physiology of the Osteoclast is a comprehensive volume thoroughly covering the field of osteoclast biology. The book features some of the latest work (much of which has never before been published) from internationally respected scientists in the field. It will be a significant reference volume for researchers interested in the broad field of bone metabolism, especially those in cell and molecular biology, dental science, endocrinology, hematology, orthopedics, and rheumatology.
Bone
Bone: A Treatise is a series of seven volumes devoted to providing the most up-to-date, comprehensive, and authoritative coverage of all aspects of bone. Seventy-four chapters have been written by 127 respected authors, all of whom are actively engaged in basic, applied, and clinical bone research. The seven volumes in this unique series are organized thematically; each volume integrates structure, function, biochemistry, metabolism, and the molecular and clinical aspects of a particular aspect of the biology of bone. Bone-forming cells are treated in Volume I. Bone resorbing cells are covered in Volume II. Volumes III and IV examine the extracellular matrix of bone, with Volume III concentrating on the structure of bone matrix and on bone-specific proteins, while Volume IV focuses on the mineralization (calcification) of that matrix. Volume V addresses the repair and regeneration of bone. Volumes VI and VII explore bone growth and development.
Bone Research Protocols
The last decade has seen a tremendous advance in our understanding of bone biology. The genes responsible for the majority of rare inherited bone disorders have been identified and much progress has been made in the identification of genes in polygenic disorders such as Paget’s disease and complex multigene diseases such as osteoporosis. Transgenic technology has identified further genes, sometimes unexpectedly, with profound effects on bone. This wealth of new genetic information will undoubtedly lead to extensive cell biological studies to understand the mechanisms by which these gene products affect bone mass and bone strength. In Bone Research Protocols a catalogue of protocols has been assembled to perform such mechanistic studies. In the tradition of the Methods in Molecular Medicine series, the chapters are practical laboratory protocols that should enable the reader to carry out the techniques from scratch. To our knowledge this is the first time such a truly practical manual on well-established bone methods has been assembled, and this volume aims to be complementary to and follow on from the more theoretical Methods in Bone Biology, edited by Arnett and Henderson (1).
Bone Resorption
This book reflects the meteoric increase in knowledge regarding bone remodeling including molecular understanding of osteoclast development, regulatory molecules such as cytokines, pathophysiology and pharmaceutical development to treat osteoclast function. Rapid publication of an up-to-date volume addressing these issues by experts in the field, an asset to any library of clinical endocrinologists and rheumatologists, is a valuable read for those entering the scientific arena of bone remodeling research. It integrates recent technological advances with foundation data to provide a comprehensive view of bone resorption, and also links information gained from the genetic and molecular to the physiological and clinical levels. It is addressed to clinical practitioners, nutrition scientists, researchers and students, who seek a fundamental understanding of this important subject. An invaluable publication for the community of medical specialists- internists, endocrinologists, nephrologists, orthopaedists- as well as dental, paramedical and nursing practitioners.
Osteoimmunology
It has only recently been appreciated that the immune and skeletal systems have major interactions. It is now well documented that osteoclasts, which are important cellular mediators of skeletal homeostasis, are derived from hematopoietic precursors that also give rise to immune cells. In addition, numerous cytokines that were first shown to regulate immune cell function have also been demonstrated to regulate bone cells and influence skeletal health. Conversely, products of bone cells appear critical for the engraftment of marrow in bone, the normal development of the hematopoietic and immune systems and provide niche for long-term memory B and T cells. In the past scientists involved in im...
Osteoimmunology
A Key Regulator of Postnatal Skeletal Remodeling.- Ectodomain Shedding of Receptor Activator of NF-KB Ligand.- The Negative Role Of Ids In Osteoclastogenesis.- Functional Genetic and Genomic Analysis of Modeled Arthritis.- Dexamethsone Suppresses Bone Formation via the Osteoclast.- Immunologic Regulation Of Bone Development.- Pth Regulates The Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche In Bone.- Regulation Of Hematopoietic Stem Cells In The Osteoblastic Niche.- The Chemokine Cxcl12 And Regulation Of Hsc And Lymphocyte Development In The Bone Marrow Niche.- Osteoclast Precursor Cells.- Interaction with estrogen receptors as treatment of arthritis and osteoporosis.- Novel Signaling Pathways And Therapeutic Targets In Osteoclasts.- The Enigmatic Function of TREM-2 in Osteoclastogenesis.- Role of cell-matrix interactions in osteoclast differentiation.- Positive and negative roles of IL-6, STAT3 and SOCS3 in inflammatory arthritis.- Control of Osteoclast activity and bone loss by IKK subunits: new targets for therapy.- Targeting Osteoporosis And Rheumatoid Arthritis By Active Vaccination Against Rankl.- RANKL Inhibition: From Mice to Men (and Women).
Expression and Functional Analysis of Protein Kinase C Isoforms in Osteoclasts
[Truncated abstract] Bone is a living tissue that is undergoes a continuous process of remodeling during and after skeletal development. The process is to change the shape of the bone to accommodate the growth of the individual as well as to maintain bone integrity throughout life. It also plays a role in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, as bone is mainly composed of calcium minerals and thus a major reservoir for calcium. Two resident bone cell types are primarily responsible for bone remodeling: 1) osteoblasts and 2) osteoclasts. Osteoblasts are essentially bone-forming cells, whereas osteoclasts function to resorb bone surfaces. A balance between the activity of bone formation and b...
