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The remarkable scientific story of how Earth became an oxygenated planet The air we breathe is twenty-one percent oxygen, an amount higher than on any other known world. While we may take our air for granted, Earth was not always an oxygenated planet. How did it become this way? Donald Canfield—one of the world's leading authorities on geochemistry, earth history, and the early oceans—covers this vast history, emphasizing its relationship to the evolution of life and the evolving chemistry of the Earth. Canfield guides readers through the various lines of scientific evidence, considers some of the wrong turns and dead ends along the way, and highlights the scientists and researchers who have made key discoveries in the field. Showing how Earth’s atmosphere developed over time, Oxygen takes readers on a remarkable journey through the history of the oxygenation of our planet.
Oxygen offers fresh perspectives on our own lives and deaths, explaining modern killer diseases, why we age, and what we can do about it. Advancing revelatory new ideas, following chains of evidence, the book ranges through many disciplines, from environmental sciences to molecular medicine. Damage to DNA caused by oxidative stress appears to explain aging and many of its diseases, hence the popularity in alternative health circles of antioxidants. But antioxidants alone fail to prevent aging. Lane suggests two different avenues of study: modulation of the immune system, which generates free radicals as part of its defense against infectious diseases; and ways of improving the health of our cellular mitochondria, on which many age-related ailments seem to depend. Provocative and complexly argued. Copyright ©Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.
Combustion technology has traditionally been dominated by air/fuel combustion. However, two developments have increased the significance of oxygen-enhanced combustion - new technology producing oxygen less expensively and the increased importance of environmental regulations. Advantages of oxygen-enhanced combustion include numerous environmental benefits as well as increased energy efficiency and productivity. The text compiles information about using oxygen to enhance high temperature industrial heating and melting processes - serving as a unique resource for specialists implementing the use of oxygen in combustion systems; combustion equipment and industrial gas suppliers; researchers; fu...
The field of oxygen study is immense. No single work on the subject can be comprehensive, and this volume makes no such claim. Indeed, coverage here is selective and the selection is somewhat personal. However, the choice of topics is vast There are chapters on the history of oxygen, oxygen in the universe, the biochemistry of oxygen, and clinical uses of oxygen. An alternate title could have been, "Some things you always wanted to know about oxygen, but didn't know where to find them easily." Some information in this wide-ranging work can not be found elsewhere. This book is intended not only for specialists, but also for nonspecialists engaged in or curious about any field of oxygen study,...
This comprehensive survey covers all aspects of oxygen delivery to tissue, including blood flow and its regulation as well as oxygen metabolism. Special attention is paid to methods of oxygen measurement in living tissue and application of these technologies to understanding physiological and biochemical basis for pathology related to tissue oxygenation. This multidisciplinary book is designed to bring together experts and students from a range of research fields.
DIVA critical reassessment of television and television studies in the age of new media./div
Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) has important applications in advanced materials manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, oil and gas industries, power generation, and medical and nuclear fields. The symposium focused on HIP applications in such areas as material optimization, radioactive nuclear waste, cast aluminum alloys, ceramic materials, superalloys, manufacturing of turbine blisks, densification of additive manufactured parts, diffusion welding of dissimilar metals and alloys, heat treatment inside the HIP unit, turbopump components, improved tooling materials, valve spindles for engines, Ni-base superalloys, titanium aluminide, stainless steels, metal matrix composites, phase transformations, uniform load cooling equipment, duplex steel, diamond/SiC composites, large hot zone units, additive manufacturing, efficient modeling, reactor vessel fabrication, electron beam welding, superconducting magnet structures.
1. Introduction. -- 2. General background. -- 3. Options for environmentally benign bleaching. -- 4. ECF and TCF bleaching. -- 5. Chlorine free bleaching of secondary fibers. -- 6. Closed cycle bleach plant.