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Els polioxometalats (POMS) són agregats inorgànics compostos per oxigen i metalls de transició, normalment en el seu estat d'oxidació més alt. Aquest fet fa que una de les seves principals característiques sigui el seu gran caràcter oxidant. A més al contenir un alt nombre de metalls, aquests poden ser reduïts fàcilment, donant lloc a noves propietats no observades en els mateixos compostos sense reduir. Els nostres estudis s'han basat principalment en càlculs mecano-quàntics (teoria del funcional de la densitat, DFT en anglès). Molts estudis experimentals s'han realitzat durant les últimes dècades abastant el tema de les mono-reduccions, on aquests compostos guanyen un electró. En aquesta tesi s'ha volgut partir d'aquests resultats i hem ampliat l'estudi a les reduccions amb dos i tres electrons en diversos sistemes de composició i grandària diferent. Ens hem centrat bàsicament en l'estudi dels compostos anomenats Keggin (12 metalls) i Wells-Dawson (18 metalls). A més, compostos derivats d'aquests també han estat estudiats, en concret els mono-substituïts, on un dels metalls és substituït per un altre diferent.
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"How to control economically important vector-borne diseases? What are the best strategies to protect livestock from vector-borne diseases in a changing environment? How to evaluate and assess the acceptability, cost efficiency and cost benefit of the control and surveillance methods? The information in this book will help to answer these questions. It aims at presenting the latest information on vector-borne diseases affecting livestock worldwide, from state-of-the art interventions to the assessment of the impact of these control measures. This book is a valuable tool for entomologists and all those involved in pest and vector control."
Bribes, Bullets, and Intimidation is the first book to examine drug trafficking through Central America and the efforts of foreign and domestic law enforcement officials to counter it. Drawing on interviews, legal cases, and an array of Central American sources, Julie Bunck and Michael Fowler track the changing routes, methods, and networks involved, while comparing the evolution and consequences of the drug trade through Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Panama over a span of more than three decades. Bunck and Fowler argue that while certain similar factors have been present in each of the Central American states, the distinctions among these countries have been equally important in determining the speed with which extensive drug trafficking has taken hold, the manner in which it has evolved, the amounts of different drugs that have been transshipped, and the effectiveness of antidrug efforts.
Sustainable Management of Arthropod Pests of Tomato provides insight into the proper and appropriate application of pesticides and the integration of alternative pest management methods. The basis of good crop management decisions is a better understanding of the crop ecosystem, including the pests, their natural enemies, and the crop itself. This book provides a global overview of the biology and management of key arthropod pests of tomatoes, including arthropod-vectored diseases. It includes information that places tomatoes in terms of global food production and food security, with each pest chapter including the predators and parasitoids that have specifically been found to have the great...
This volume focuses on the developmental areas of biopesticides: production, formulation, application and field efficacy. Chapters guide readers through methods and techniques on environmental, mammalian, safety, and registration. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Microbial-Based Biopesticides aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.