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Cardiovascular and Metabolic Comorbidities in Pituitary Disorders
Pituitary disorders may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic complications and, in consequence, increased mortality. Excessive secretion of pituitary hormones provokes functional and systemic abnormalities which can be manifested by cardiovascular complications such as eg. arterial hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmia, as through metabolic disturbances, including obesity and diabetes. Subclinical effects of pituitary diseases, such as cardiac and vascular dysfunction, also modifies prognosis but due to its asymptomatic course are frequently diagnosed with significant time delay. Even successful surgery and pharmacological treatment of pituitary disorders do...
Echocardiography in Cardiovascular Medicine
Echocardiography is a versatile, non-invasive cardiac imaging modality that facilitates accurate diagnosis, risk stratification, and guidance of therapy in all cardiovascular pathologies including heart valve disease, heart failure, and coronary and pericardial disease. It has evolved over the several decades and now encompasses a range of different techniques including deformation, contrast, and three-dimensional imaging as well as stress echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography.
Wybory 2005
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Pamiętnik teatralny
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