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This volume is arecord of the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study institute on "Biochemical and Bio logical Markers of Neoplastic Transformation" held September 28 - October 8, 1981, at Corfu, Greece. As early as 1860, Rudolf Virchow provided the first genetic concept of cancer by postulating "Omnia ceZZuZa e ceZZuZa ejusdem generis", a modification of the then exisiting cell theory "Omnis ceZZuZa e ceZZuZa". Thus, the idea that all cells originate from the parent cell was extended to the idea that all cancer cells come from the "paren t" cancer cello But how the first cancer cell arose, or in other words, how anormal cell changed to a cancer cell, is, even after 120 years, a mystery. Exper...
This book addresses stochastic optimization procedures in a broad manner. The first part offers an overview of relevant optimization philosophies; the second deals with benchmark problems in depth, by applying a selection of optimization procedures. Written primarily with scientists and students from the physical and engineering sciences in mind, this book addresses a larger community of all who wish to learn about stochastic optimization techniques and how to use them.
COVID-19 is a recently emerged infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The immune system has a primary role in pathogen elimination and a rapid and effective response can limit disease severity. In this context, T cells play the major role in cell mediated adaptive immune response. The protective role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells has been inferred from studies on patients who recovered from SARS and MERS and accumulating data are now showing their relevance in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, memory T cells induced by previous pathogens can shape the susceptibility to, and the clinical severity of other infections, but the complete picture has yet to be elucidated. If the virus is not rapidly eliminated, COVID-19 may progress towards a secondary inflammatory phase that is directly responsible for a worsening in clinical symptoms and immune system impairment. Besides marked lymphopenia, COVID-19 patients’ T cell compartment displays several alterations involving different subpopulations of T cells in terms of phenotype, metabolic profile and functionality.
During August 1985, a group of 95 physicists from 61 laboratories in 24 countries met in Erice for the 23rd Course of the International School of Subnu clear Physics. The countries represented were: Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Marocco, Norway, Pakistan, the Peoples' Republic of China, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kindom, and the United States of America. The School was sponsored by the European Physical Society (EPS), the Italian Ministry of Public Education (MPI), the Italian Ministry of Scientific and Technological Research (MRST), the Sicilian Regiona...
The Encyclopedia of Cloud Computing provides IT professionals, educators, researchers and students with a compendium of cloud computing knowledge. Authored by a spectrum of subject matter experts in industry and academia, this unique publication, in a single volume, covers a wide range of cloud computing topics, including technological trends and developments, research opportunities, best practices, standards, and cloud adoption. Providing multiple perspectives, it also addresses questions that stakeholders might have in the context of development, operation, management, and use of clouds. Furthermore, it examines cloud computing's impact now and in the future. The encyclopedia presents 56 chapters logically organized into 10 sections. Each chapter covers a major topic/area with cross-references to other chapters and contains tables, illustrations, side-bars as appropriate. Furthermore, each chapter presents its summary at the beginning and backend material, references and additional resources for further information.