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Ekonomi dalam kajian keilmuan dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam ekonomi mikro dan ekonomi makro. Ekonomi mikro mempelajari bagaimana perilaku tiaptiap individu dalam setiap unit ekonomi, yang dapat berperan sebagai konsumen, pekerja, investor, pemiliki tanah, ataupun perilaku dari sebuah industri. Ekonomi mikro menjelaskan how dan why sebuah pengambilan keputusan dalam tiap unit ekonomi. Contohnya, ekonomi mikro menjelaskan bagaimana seorang konsumen membuat keputusan dan pemilihan terhadap suatu produk ketika ada perubahan pada harga atau pendapatan. Ekonomi mikro juga dapat menjelaskan perilaku industri dalam menentukan jumlah tenaga kerja, kuantitas, dan harga yang terbaik. Permasalahan ekonom...
Sistem informasi adalah sekumpulan prosedur organisasi yang ada pada saat dilaksanakan akan memberikan informasi untuk mengambil keputusan atau mengendalikan informasi (Syarif, 2009). DSS (Decision Support System) adalah sistem informasi berbasis komputer yang menggunakan model keputusan dan database khusus untuk membantu proses pengambilan keputusan bagi manajerial end user. Perkembangan sistem informasi sekarang sangat cepat dan pesat, tidak sedikit yang menggunakan sistem informasi untuk membantu kemudahan dalam bekerja.
Akuntansi mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dalam menjalankan operasi perusahaan. Akuntansi berfungsi untuk menyediakan informasi yang bermanfaat sebagai dasar pengambilan keputusan didalam maupun diluar perusahaan. Informasi keuangan akuntansi digunakan dalam menggunakan analisa terhadap laporan keuangan agar diperoleh gambaran posisi keuangan dan perkembangan usaha dari suatu perusahaan. Dalam keperluan itulah, buku Pengantar Akuntansi ini sengaja penulis hadirkan untuk pembaca. Tujuan buku ini adalah sebagai panduan bagi setiap orang yang ingin mempelajari dan memperdalam ilmu pengetahuan.
Plants are amazing organisms to study, some are important sources for pharmaceuticals, and others can help to elucidate molecular mechanisms required for a plant’s development and its interactions with the biotic or abiotic environment. Functional genomics is vastly lagging behind the speed of genome sequencing as high-throughput gene function assays are difficult to design, specifically for non-model plants. Bioinformatics tools are useful for gene identification and annotation but are of limited value for predictions concerning gene functions as gene functions are uncovered best by experimental approaches. Virus-Induced-Gene-Silencing (VIGS) is an easy to use, fast, and reliable method t...
"Rebuilding depleted stocks is a central part of the fisheries governance agenda. By analysing the available literature, Part 1 of "Rebuilding of marine fisheries" provides a global review of the emergence of the rebuilding paradigm, its key concepts, the trends in fishery resources, and the empirical evidence available on stocks depletion, collapse and rebuilding. It addresses the bio-ecological, economic, and human dimensions of rebuilding or restoration of stocks, multispecies assemblages and habitats/ecosystems and touches on the need for rebuilding at the whole sector level when depletion has become widespread and chronic. The human imensions of stocks and fisheries are given particular...
The 2018 edition of The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture emphasizes the sector’s role in achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals, and measurement of progress towards these goals. It notes the particular contributions of inland and small-scale fisheries, and highlights the importance of rights-based governance for equitable and inclusive development. As in past editions, the publication begins with a global analysis of trends in fisheries and aquaculture production, stocks, processing and use, trade and consumption, based on the latest official statistics, along with a review of the status of the world’s fishing fleets and human ...
Reef fish spawning aggregations, ranging from small groups to many tens of thousands of individuals, are spectacular but poorly known natural phenomena whereby fish assemble at specific times and locations to spawn. For some species these large groups may be the only form of reproduction, the high fish numbers briefly giving a false impression of stability and abundance—an ‘illusion of plenty’. They are often a focus for intensive seasonal fishing because of their predictability and because many important commercial fishes form them. Highly vulnerable to overexploitation, many aggregations and their associated fisheries, have disappeared or are in decline. Few are effectively managed o...
Sustainable development is the most important challenge facing humanity in the 21st century. The global economic growth in the recent past has indeed exhibited marked progress in many countries. Nevertheless, the issues of income disparity, poverty, gender gaps, and malnutrition are not uncommon in the global landscape, in spite of the upward growth of the economy and technological advances. This grim picture is further exacerbated by our growing human population, unmindful resource use, ever-increasing consumption trends, and changing climate. In order to protect humanity and preserve the planet, the United Nations issued the “2030 agenda for sustainable development,” which includes but...
The MATSim (Multi-Agent Transport Simulation) software project was started around 2006 with the goal of generating traffic and congestion patterns by following individual synthetic travelers through their daily or weekly activity programme. It has since then evolved from a collection of stand-alone C++ programs to an integrated Java-based framework which is publicly hosted, open-source available, automatically regression tested. It is currently used by about 40 groups throughout the world. This book takes stock of the current status. The first part of the book gives an introduction to the most important concepts, with the intention of enabling a potential user to set up and run basic simulat...