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Xenotransplantation
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Selforganization
may be complex without being able to be replaced by something »still more simple«. This became evident with the help of computer models of deterministic-recursive systems in which simple mathematical equation systems provide an extremely complex behavior. (2) Irregularity of nature is not treated as an anomaly but becomes the focus of research and thus is declared to be normal. One looks for regularity within irregularity. Non-equilibrium processes are recognized as the source of order and the search for equilibrium is replaced by the search for the dynamics of processes. (3) The classical system-environment model, according to which the adaptation of a system to its environment is control...
Synthetic Biology
Assessing synthetic biology from a societal and ethical perspective is not only a matter of determining possible harms and benefits of synthetic biology applications. Synthetic biology also incorporates a specific technoscientific understanding of its research agenda and its research objects that has philosophical and ethical implications. This edited volume sets out to explore and evaluate these synthetic biology worldviews and it proposes appropriate governance measures. In addition, legal challenges are discussed.
Hermann Haken: From the Laser to Synergetics
Hermann Haken (born 1927) is one of the “fathers” of the quantum-mechanical laser theory, formulated between 1962 and 1966, in strong competition with American researchers. Later on, he created Synergetics, the science of cooperation in multicomponent systems. The book concentrates on the development of his scientific work during the first thirty-five years of his career. In 1970 he and his doctoral student Robert Graham were able to show that the laser is an example of a nonlinear system far from thermal equilibrium that shows a phase-transition like behavior. Subsequently, this insight opened the way for the formulation of Synergetics. Synergetics is able to explain, how very large sys...
Hermann Haken und die Anfangsjahre der Synergetik
Der Stuttgarter Physiker und Mathematiker Hermann Haken (geb. 1927), Mitglied des Ordens "Pour le Merite", ist einer der Vater der quantenmechanischen Lasertheorie und der Begrunder der Synergetik. Diese Biographie zeichnet den wissenschaftlichen Werdegang Hermann Hakens in den ersten funfunddreissig Jahren seines Wirkens nach. Seine Jugend- und Ausbildungsjahre sowie die Darstellung des Wettlaufs zur Lasertheorie zwischen der sog. Stuttgarter Schule und amerikanischen Forschern, bilden den Auftakt des Buches. Mit der Synergetik, einer umfassenden Theorie der Selbstorganisation, konnte Haken dann erklaren, wie in energetisch offenen Systemen - ohne aussere Einwirkungen - aus Unordnung Ordnung entsteht. Die Synergetik erwies sich als Schlussel fur die Erklarung selbstorganisatorischer Prozesse nicht nur in Physik, Chemie und Biologie, sondern auch in Medizin, Okologie, Soziologie und vor allem in der Psychologie. Synergetik beruhrt die Gebiete der nichtlinearen Prozesse, der Komplexitats- und der Chaostheorie.Unter den Anhangen finden sich die fast 600 Arbeiten umfassende Bibliographie Hermann Hakens und ein Verzeichnis seiner Schuler.
Society and Genetic Information
The genetic era has given rise to significant legal dilemmas: who may own genetic data, when can a genetic test be performed on children, how can genetic-based discrimination be avoided, or to what extent and in what ways can genetic data be protected? The book addresses the social, ethical, and legal implications of collecting, storing, analyzing, and commercializing genetic information. Prominent biologists, medical doctors, lawyers, anthropologists, philosophers, sociologists, and theologians from different countries provide their views on the complex biological and social impacts of the imminent proliferation of genetic information. The authors explore the various uses and applications of genetic information, and discuss the current dilemmas of making laws in the field of genetics. Different models of national genome projects and biobanks, as well as the related international legal documents and national laws are also discussed. Various genome projects and biobanks are analyzed in detail.
Physics and National Socialism
1 Aim and General Description of the Anthology The purpose of this anthology is to introduce the English speaking public to the wide spectrum of texts authored predominently by physicists portraying the ac tual and perceived role of physics in the Nazi state. Up to now no broad and well balanced documentation of German physics during this time has been available in English, despite the significant role physics has played both politically (e. g. , in weaponry planning) and ideologically (e. g. , in the controversy over the value of theoretical ('Jewish') vs. experimental ('Aryan') physics), and even though prominent figures like the scientist-philosopher and emigre Albert Einstein and the con...
