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Ralph de Haas
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Foreign Banks and the Vienna Initiative
We use data on 1,294 banks in Central and Eastern Europe to analyze how bank ownership and creditor coordination in the form of the Vienna Initiative affected credit growth during the 2008–09 crisis. As part of the Vienna Initiative western European banks signed country-specific commitment letters in which they pledged to maintain exposures and to support their subsidiaries in Central and Eastern Europe. We show that both domestic and foreign banks sharply curtailed credit during the crisis, but that foreign banks that participated in the Vienna Initiative were relatively stable lenders. We find no evidence of negative spillovers from countries where banks signed commitment letters to countries where they did not.
Sustainable Banking
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Finance, Law, and Growth During Transition
This paper surveys the economic literature on the links between finance, law and growth in the Central and Eastern European transition countries. The literature that is surveyed at the outset of the paper shows that if a financial system is based on an adequate legal system it can positively contribute to economic growth. However, the financial system in CEE appears to have been restrained in making such a contribution. The theoretical and empirical results discussed further on in the paper partly explain this by showing that privatising is in itself not enough to improve the functioning of the local banking systems. An adequate legal and institutional environment proves to be a necessary co...
Multinational Banks and the Global Financial Crisis
We use data on the 48 largest multinational banking groups to compare the lending of their 199 foreign subsidiaries during the Great Recession with lending by a benchmark of 202 domestic banks. Contrary to earlier and more contained crises, parent banks were not a significant source of strength to their subsidiaries during 2008-09. When controlling for other bank characteristics,multinational bank subsidiaries had to slowdown credit growth almost three times as fast as domestic banks. This was in particular the case for subsidiaries of banking groups that relied more on wholesale funding.
The Dark and Bright Sides of Global Banking
This paper reviews the literature on the benefits and risks of global banking, with a focus on emerging Europe. It argues that while the potential destabilising impact of global banks was well understood before the 2008-09 financial crisis, the sheer magnitude of this impact in the case of systemically relevant foreign bank subsidiaries was under-appreciated. A second lesson from the crisis is that banks' funding structure, in particular the use of short-term wholesale funding, matters as much for lending stability as does their ownership structure.
