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Getting ready to act
The topic of proactivity of brain functions has become of growing interest in the cognitive neuroscience. Brain activity is no longer described solely in a reactive way, but also as preparatory and predictive of future events. This volume focuses especially on the neurocognitive activities associated with anticipatory processes of perceptual decision-making. What does the brain do to prevent mistakes? Is it possible to prevent speed and accuracy of a decision even before it is made? Why do some people perform better or worse than others? The volume answers these and other questions through the description of some original research. In particular, electroencephalographic investigations are illustrated which allowed to define a first version of the model known as “preparation-perception-action cycle”. Present findings reveal theoretical and practical implications which constitute a useful reference for researchers and scholars interested in discovering the aware and unaware ways in which our brain anticipates the future.
New Techniques for Adaptive Program Optimization
Living organisms are adapted to their environment. Modern compilers and runtime systems for computer software are no different: as part of a continuous optimization process, they can adapt the execution cycle of a program to the workload it operates on. This thesis brings novel ideas to the software optimization domain. It illustrates methodological and practical contributions that advance the state of the art for performance profiling techniques and adaptive runtime designs, backed by promising experimental results on industrial-strength benchmarks. Part of the results has been presented in flagship programming language venues.
From Brain to Body: The Impact of Nervous System Declines on Muscle Performance in Aging
Download PDF Download EPUB The deterioration of skeletal muscle performance (e.g., declines in muscle strength and motor performance) with advancing age has long been anecdotally recognized as Shakespeare pointed out nearly a half millennium ago in his monologue The Seven Ages of Man, and has been of scientific interest for well over a century. Over the past several decades the scientific and medical communities have recognized that reduced skeletal muscle performance is a debilitating and life threatening condition in the elderly. For example, the age-associated loss of muscle strength, as well as impairment in the ability to finely control movement, is highly associated with physical disab...
Seismic Performance of Masonry Cross Vaults
Considering the seismic behaviour of cultural heritage buildings, recent earthquakes have emphasised the high vulnerability of vaulted structures. In this regard, the present thesis deals with masonry cross vaults, among the most diffused and fascinating structural typologies of the European cultural heritage. After a thorough review of cross vault historical developments, the focus is shifted to the shaking table tests of a scaled arch. These two points provided valuable information to calibrate the finite element model of cross vault, discussed next. Finally, the influence of the main geometrical and mechanical parameters on the seismic capacity of cross vaults are examined by means of a sensitivity analysis.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,5-diphenylpyrrole derivatives as COX-2 selective inhibitors and NO-releasing agents and development of a novel BRD9 chemical probe
This PhD thesis consists of three projects: the first and the second ones, carried out at Sapienza University of Rome, deal with the design and synthesis of novel COX-2 selective inhibitors and dual COX-2 inhibitors/NO-releasing agents, respectively. The third project concerns the development of a novel BRD9 chemical probe and was realized at the University of Oxford (Department of Chemistry).
What’s behind neuropathic pain?
Neuropathic pain is a common problem in clinical practice, which affects patients quality of life. The more recent approach to this peculiar type of pain is based on the “sensory profiles theory”. According to this theory, neuropathic pain manifests with different combinations of sensory abnormalities, which in turn arise through different pathophysiological mechanisms. Convincing evidence now suggests that the classification of neuropathic pain according to a mechanism-based approach rather than etiology could help in targeting the therapy for the individual patient and would be useful for testing new drugs. My work has therefore focused on disclosing the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain and how they translate into symptoms.
Analysis and Design of Antennas and Algorithms for Near-Field Sensing
This volume collects the main results of the Author’s Ph.D. course in Electromagnetics and Mathematical Models for Engineering, attended at ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome from November 2011 to February 2015, in the Electromagnetic Fields 1 Lab of the Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, under the tutoring of Prof. Alessandro Galli.
Ricerche in Neuroscienze Educative
Il volume raccoglie gli atti del convegno internazionale Research on Educational Neuroscience, School, Sports & Society, tenutosi in modalità virtuale il 30 e 31 marzo 2021. Questa prima edizione, la cui regia è stata condotta egregiamente dal collega Peluso Cassese presso l’Università Telematica Unicusano di Roma, ha riscosso un enorme successo, non solo per la grande partecipazione registrata di studiosi del contesto di ricerca internazionale, ma anche per la qualità dei lavori scientifici presentati, prodotti che hanno evidenziato una forte convergenza d’interesse verso le neuroscienze educative da parte dei differenti ambiti di studio. Il convegno ha creato ed aperto un fertile spazio di dibattito e confronto, il cui obiettivo è stato quello di mettere a fuoco l’attuale scenario nazionale ed internazionale evidenziandone, tanto lo stato dell’arte quanto l’evoluzione, alla luce degli studi e delle ricerche avviati ormai da oltre trent’anni.
La spiegazione delle disuguaglianze attraverso modelli generativi
Questo lavoro affronta il tema del contributo e delle potenzialità che i sistemi multi-agente, come strumento di simulazione dei processi sociali, possono offrire alla ricerca sociologica nel campo della mobilità sociale. Dopo una ricognizione degli studi in materia, vengono presentati e argomentati i presupposti di una analisi del fenomeno in base all’ipotesi che esso costituisca un effetto dimensionale di tipo macro, generato dalla composizione dinamica di scelte di azione compiute da attori sociali individuali che si muovono in un ambito di reciproca interdipendenza in base a una varietà di condizioni e vincoli delle loro scelte. Tale sezione approda alla modellizzazione dell’ipote...
La dinamica degli opposti
Scrittore eclettico e originale, autore di radio e in misura minore di cinema, Georges Perec partecipa nel 1967 a un convegno a Venezia dedicato ai “mass media” e si chiede se la scrittura letteraria possa trarre ispirazione dai nuovi linguaggi. Applicando lo stesso criterio all’analisi della sua produzione, emerge una costante messa in tensione di elementi distanti o antitetici dell’esperienza della contemporaneità, un approccio che infrange le visioni date e offre nuove chiavi di lettura. In forma romanzesca, saggistica, o esterna a ogni definizione di genere, Perec esercita la pratica dell’attraversamento, tra intrattenimento e prospettiva critica, finzione e documento, evento ...
