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It has been over twenty years since the Brazilian Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health System or SUS) was formally established by the 1988 Constitution. The impetus for the SUS came in part from rising costs and a crisis in the social security system that preceded the reforms, but also from a broad-based political movement calling for democratization and improved social rights. Building on reforms that started in the 1980s, the SUS was based on three overarching principles: (i) universal access to health services, with health defined as a citizen’s right and an obligation of the state; (ii) equality of access to health care; and (iii) integrality (comprehensiveness) and continuity of c...
Esta obra trata do disciplinamento legal quanto ao cumprimento das regras em vigor para as administrações públicas em geral, as quais, uma vez infringidas, sugerem desde pequenas punições até perdas de cargos ou cassações de mandatos em todos os níveis das administrações públicas, sem prejuízo das sanções penais, como hoje estamos assistindo, bem como foi o andamento das votações do impeachment da Presidente da República, justamente por descumpri-las ou manipulá--las, como são as alegações.
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This book is a collection of readings that explore environmental issues in Latin America and the Caribbean using natural science and social science methods. These papers demonstrate the value of interdisciplinary approaches to analyze and solve environmental problems. The essays are organized into five parts: conservation challenges; national policies, local communities, and rural development; market mechanisms for protecting public goods; public participation and environmental justice; and the effects of development policies on the environment.