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Beyond Traditional Probabilistic Data Processing Techniques: Interval, Fuzzy etc. Methods and Their Applications
Data processing has become essential to modern civilization. The original data for this processing comes from measurements or from experts, and both sources are subject to uncertainty. Traditionally, probabilistic methods have been used to process uncertainty. However, in many practical situations, we do not know the corresponding probabilities: in measurements, we often only know the upper bound on the measurement errors; this is known as interval uncertainty. In turn, expert estimates often include imprecise (fuzzy) words from natural language such as "small"; this is known as fuzzy uncertainty. In this book, leading specialists on interval, fuzzy, probabilistic uncertainty and their combination describe state-of-the-art developments in their research areas. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable guide for researchers and practitioners interested in data processing under uncertainty, and an introduction to the latest trends and techniques in this area, suitable for graduate students.
Modern Differential Geometry in Gauge Theories
This is original, well-written work of interest Presents for the first time (physical) field theories written in sheaf-theoretic language Contains a wealth of minutely detailed, rigorous computations, ususally absent from standard physical treatments Author's mastery of the subject and the rigorous treatment of this text make it invaluable
Discrete Causal Theory
This book evaluates and suggests potentially critical improvements to causal set theory, one of the best-motivated approaches to the outstanding problems of fundamental physics. Spacetime structure is of central importance to physics beyond general relativity and the standard model. The causal metric hypothesis treats causal relations as the basis of this structure. The book develops the consequences of this hypothesis under the assumption of a fundamental scale, with smooth spacetime geometry viewed as emergent. This approach resembles causal set theory, but differs in important ways; for example, the relative viewpoint, emphasizing relations between pairs of events, and relationships between pairs of histories, is central. The book culminates in a dynamical law for quantum spacetime, derived via generalized path summation.
Unconventional Models of Computation, UMC’2K
This book contains papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Unconventional Models of Computation (UMCK'2K), which was held at Solvay Institutes, Brussels, Belgium, in December 2000. Computers as we know them may be getting better and cheaper, and doing more for us, but they are still unable to cope with many tasks of practical interest. Nature, though, has been 'computing' with molecules and cells for billions of years, and these natural processes form the main motivation for the construction of radically new models of computation, the core theme of the papers in this volume. Unconventional Models of Computation, UMCK'2K covers all major areas of unconventional computation, including quantum computing, DNA-based computation, membrane computing and evolutionary algorithms.
Discrete Differential Geometry
This is the first book on a newly emerging field of discrete differential geometry providing an excellent way to access this exciting area. It provides discrete equivalents of the geometric notions and methods of differential geometry, such as notions of curvature and integrability for polyhedral surfaces. The carefully edited collection of essays gives a lively, multi-facetted introduction to this emerging field.
Ontologies and Adaptivity in Dialogue for Question Answering
Question answering (QA) has become one of the fastest growing topics in computational linguistics and information access. To advance research in the area of dialogue-based question answering, we propose a combination of methods from different scientific fields (i.e., Information Retrieval, Dialogue Systems, Semantic Web, and Machine Learning). This book sheds light on adaptable dialogue-based question answering. We demonstrate the technical and computational feasibility of the proposed ideas, the introspective methods in particular, by beginning with an extensive introduction to the dialogical problem domain which motivates the technical implementation. The ideas have been carried out in a mature natural language processing (NLP) system, the SmartWeb dialogue system, which was developed between 2004 and 2007 by partners from academia and industry. We have attempted to make this book a self-containing text and provide an extra section on the interdisciplinary scientific background. The target audience for this book comprises of researchers and students interested in the application potential of semantic technologies for difficult AI tasks such as working dialogue and QA systems.
Computational Intelligence. Theory and Applications
Ten years of ,,Fuzzy Days“ in Dortmund! What started as a relatively small workshop in 1991 has now become one of the best known smaller conferences on Computational Intelligence in the world. It fact, it was (to my best knowledge) the ?rst conference to use this term, in 1994, although I confess that another, larger conference was announced ?rst and the trade mark “Computational Intelligence was not coined in Dortmund. I believe, that the success of this conference is grounded on the quality of its reviewedandinvitedpapersaswellasitsgoodorganization. Fromthebeginning, we have sent every paper anonymously to ?ve referees, and we have always accepted only around 50% of the papers sent in....
Quantum Logic
Quantum Logic deals with the foundations of quantum mechanics and, related to it, the behaviour of finite, discrete deterministic systems. The quantum logical approach is particulalry suitable for the investigation and exclusion of certain hidden parameter models of quantum mechanics. Conversely, it can be used to embed quantum universes into classical ones. It is also highly relevant for the characterization of finite automation. This book has been written with a broad readership in mind. Great care has been given to the motivation of the concepts and to the explicit and detailed discussions of examples.
