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Regional Migration and Wage Inequality in the West African Economic and Monetary Union
We investigate the impact of regional migration on average wages and on wage inequality in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA). We exploit unique data from a unified labour force household survey which covers natives and migrants in the seven economic capitals of the region. We first estimate the counterfactual wage distributions of UEMOA migrants in absence of migration to evaluate the effect of regional migration when the effect of migration is purely compositional (i.e., when wages are treated as exogenous). We find that regional migration increases average wages by 1.8% and entails a decrease in inequality that ranges between -1.5% (for the Gini index) and -4.5% (for the...
On Private Unobserved Returns to International Migration in a Couple
This paper examines the private unobserved migration propensity of married individuals using bounds to circumvent the issue of partial observability. Applied to the population of Danish couples aged between 25 to 39, this approach leads to two main results. First, we find convincing evidence that married individuals differ from single individuals in their migration propensity even after controlling for their observable characteristics. Second, after assessing the relative importance of male and female partners' characteristics in the decision to emigrate, we cannot reject the hypothesis that both partners' observed characteristics are equally weighted in the migration decision.
What Makes Brain Drain More Likely? Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa?
In Sub-Saharan Africa, high-skilled workers are 13 times more likely to migrate than low-skilled ones. This sheer number has fueled fears about “Brain Drain” as only 3% of the population obtains tertiary education. Although migration prospects might give incentives to invest in schooling, it is still unclear for which households they exist and whether these can compensate for the selection of high-skilled workers into migration. This papers measures the selection, incentive and net effects of emigration from DR Congo, Ghana and Senegal to Europe. Institutional contexts and household characteristics are strong determinants of the three effects. Rich households experience a strong selection of high-skilled workers into migration, thereby decreasing the average schooling level in the origin countries. However, stronger incentives to invest in schooling partly or fully compensate for this decrease. By contrast, poor households experience small selection and equally small incentives, except in Senegal, where they exhibit negative incentives to invest in early schooling. This is possibly due to low returns to secondary education in Europe and/or binding liquidity constraints.
Financing Student Migration
This paper develops and tests a model of profit-sharing arrangement over returns to a student migration investment. Taking advantage of a unique dataset on Cameroonian students, I find evidence of non-commitment bargaining between student, parents and an outside helper. The commitment problem arises because the coalition of parents and student has strong incentives not to abide by the outcome of the ex ante negotiation with the helper. This finding suggests some inefficiency of the decision process, in that students from credit-constrained families might not benefit from the support of a helper, even though the returns to their migration can be significant.
Language Proficiency and Economic Incentives
Using unique survey data on subjective expectation regarding the return to language proficiency for Syrian asylum seekers in Germany, this study finds evidence that the decision on language acquisition levels responds to economic incentives. This finding fills a gap in the existing literature on migrants' language acquisition decision. In the German context, issuance of a future permanent residence permit is linked by law to the acquisition of certain language skills. The analysis shows that asylum seekers who expect a higher chance to obtain a permanent residence permit from being competent in German have a significantly higher language proficiency. An increases by 10 pp (0.5 standard deviation) of the expected return to language ability increases language proficiency scores by a 0.06 to 0.09 standard deviation.
From Asylum Seekers to Illegal Migrants
English abstract: Asylum seekers with a rejected application account for three out of five illegal migrants in Germany. This research sheds some light on the motives behind the decision of asylum seekers to overstay. We conducted a survey on a population of Afghan asylum seekers in three large German cities and elicited subjective beliefs about the chance of obtaining the right to stay in Germany, the perceived risk of deportation and outcomes related to the legal status. We included a Randomized Controlled Trial that provided information about the actual proportion of deportation to half of the population. Furthermore, we elicited the intention to overstay under different hypothetical scena...
Qualifications, Potentials and Life Courses of Syrian Asylum Seekers in Germany
German Abstract: In diesem Beitrag werden einige der wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Studie "Qualifikationen, Potenziale und Lebensverläufe syrischer Asylbewerber in Bayern“, welche im zweiten Halbjahr 2017 durchgeführt wurde, skizziert. Unsere Studie ergänzt die Literatur zu Asylbewerbern in mehrfacher Hinsicht. Zum einen wird zusätzlich zur Erfassung von Informationen zu Bildungsabschlüssen der Humankapitalbestand anhand von Eignungstests bewertet. Außerdem beurteilen wir anhand objektiver Tests und Einschätzungen durch die Interviewer die Deutschkenntnisse der Studienteilnehmer. Zum anderen bewerten wir die Arbeitsmarktfähigkeiten, indem wir die Arbeitserfahrungen von Migranten mit e...
The (Option-)Value of Overstaying
English abstract: Asylum seekers with a rejected application account for three out of five illegal migrants in Germany. The objective of this paper is to calculate asylum seekers' ex ante returns on overstaying. It takes advantage of a unique survey designed to permit estimation of a structural model about the decision to overstay. The proposed model sees this decision as a utility maximization problem and translates it into a generalized Roy model with uncertainty about the final sector choice. As an important contribution to the literature, the paper proposes mild conditions for nonparametric identification of several objects of interest, including population distribution of ex ante pecuni...
Learning Microeconometrics with R
Focuses on the assumptions underlying the algorithms rather than their statistical properties Presents cutting-edge analysis of factor models and finite mixture models. Uses a hands-on approach to examine the assumptions made by the models and when the models fail to estimate accurately Utilizes interesting real-world data sets that can be used to analyze important microeconomic problems Introduces R programming concepts throughout the book. Includes appendices that discuss many of the concepts introduced in the book, as well as measures of uncertainty in microeconometrics.
Romuald Hazoumè
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