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Under-Reporting of Research Impact
"The Under-Reporting of Research Impact," written by Ronald N. Kostoff, is provided online and was published in "The Scientist," Sep. 14, 1998. The article discusses how the impacts and benefits of research need to be articulated better for researchers to receive federal and corporate funds. The technology to track and account for the benefits is available.
Research Evaluation Documents
Provides access to documents about research evaluation and impact assessment concerning science and technology innovation, written by Ronald N. Kostoff and provided online by the Defense Technical Information Center. Offers annotations of each writing and details on how to request copies of the papers.
Systematic Acceleration of Radical Discovery and Innovation in Science and Technology
Literature-based discovery (LBD) is a systematic two-component approach to bridging unconnected disciplines (front-end component, back-end component) based on text mining procedures. LBD allows potentially radical discovery and innovation (radical discovery and innovation is used in the sense of discovery and innovation arising from unexpected insights originating in very disparate disciplines) to be hypothesized. Classically, the LBD front-end component has been used to identify the pool of potential discovery and innovation candidates, and the LBD back-end component has been used to hypothesize the potential discovery and innovation based on literature analysis alone (1). In this report, a...
Science and Technology Metrics
Features an abstract and a downloadable version of the full text of "Science and Technology Metrics," a research paper written by Ronald N. Kostoff of the Office of Naval Research in Arlington, Virginia. The author discusses the implementation and the expanded use of metrics in the evaluation of science and technology.
Science and Technology Text Mining: Origins of Database Tomography and Multi-Word Phrase Clustering
This report initially describes the motivations for co-word analysis in support of research policy formulation and research implementation evaluation. It compares co-word analysis in relation to other co-occurrence techniques such as co-citation and co-nomination analyses. It then traces the origins of co-word analysis in computational linguistics, describes in detail the development of co-word analysis for research evaluation, and concludes by presenting a new approach to co-word analysis for research evaluation (Database Tomography). The report shows that this new approach to co-word analysis, which requires no index or key words but deals with text directly, is a useful tool for scanning large bodies of text. It can identify pervasive thrust areas and their interrelationships, and serves as a starting point for further in-depth analysis of the text. Its value increases as the size of text increases and the breadth of topical areas covered by the text increases beyond the expertise of a moderate number of expert panels. A single link clustering example is shown that represents the first use of multi-word technical phrases in modern clustering. (75 refs.).
Science and Technology Text Mining
This report shows how Database Tomography can be used to derive technical intelligence from the published literature. Database Tomography is a patented system for analyzing large amounts of textual computerized material. It includes algorithms for extracting multi-word phrase frequencies and performing phrase proximity analyses. Phrase frequency analysis provides the pervasive themes of a database, and phrase proximity analysis provides the relationships among the pervasive themes and between the pervasive themes and sub-themes. One potential application of Database Tomography is to obtain the thrusts and interrelationships of a technical field from papers published in the literature within ...
Science and Technology Peer Review
The science and technology (S&T) programs sponsored by the United States Department of the Navy (DoN) are divided into three major budget categories: 1) Basic Research (6.1) 2) Applied Research (6.2) 3) Advanced Technology Development (6.3) In 1999, DoN commissioned an internal review of the 6.3 program. A thirty-one member review panel met for one week to rate and comment on six evaluation criteria (Military Goal, Military Impact, Technical Approach/ Payoff, Program Executability, Transitionability (to more advanced development/ engineering budget categories or acquisition), Overall Item Evaluation) for each of the fifty- five presentation topics into which the mid- $500 million per year 6.3 program was categorized. This report describes the review process, documents insights gained from the review, summarizes key principles for a high-quality S&T evaluation process, and presents a network- centric protocol for future large-scale S&T reviews.
Science and Technology Text Mining
This report focuses on the strategic role and the implementation of textual data mining (TDM) in government organizations, with special emphasis on TDM to support the management of science and technology (S&T). It begins by defining TDM, and discussing the strategic management process in federal government organizations and the role of TDM as an integral part of this process. The report then proceeds to describe some of the uses and applications of TDM. The results of a demonstration program by the U.S. Office of Naval Research show some potential benefits from TDM: (1) integration of national and multi-national S&T databases; (2) supporting strategic decisions on the direction and funding of government ST; and (3) creation of usable S&T databases to support strategic decisions in other areas of government. Implications of the demonstration program relative to larger scale implementation of TDM are discussed. The report ends with a description of the principles and requirements of higher quality TDM studies. The appendix describes conceptually how a college-based TDM training program could be implemented.
Macromolecule Mass Spectrometry
Identifying research users, applications, and impact is important for research performers, managers, evaluators, and sponsors. It is important to know whether the audience reached is the audience desired. It also is useful to understand the technical characteristics of the other research, development, and applications affected by the originating research, and to understand other characteristics (e.g., names, organizations, countries) of the users affected by the research. Because of the many indirect pathways through which fundamental research can affect applications, identifying the user audience and research impacts can be very complex and time consuming. This report identifies the literat...
