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The Reparative Effects of Human Rights Trials
Justice in domestic courts is one of the most prominent aims of victims seeking to obtain accountability for human rights violations. It is, however, also one of the most difficult to achieve. In many Latin American countries, as well as elsewhere, activists have put human rights prosecutions forward as a fundamental means to end impunity, build democracy, strengthen the rule of law and address victims’ rights. But there is still little knowledge about what actually happens when these judicial mechanisms are effectively put to work. Can prosecutions of mass human rights violations contribute to overcome the effects of state violence and impunity? Can trials enable meaningful reparative cha...
Uruguay in Transnational Perspective
Most of the world knows Uruguay only for its soccer team, or its vaunted title as the "Switzerland of South America," an enduring moniker given to the country for its earlier social welfare policies and relative stability. Even many scholarly narratives of Latin America fail to integrate the country into historical accounts, reducing the country to, as one historian has explained, "a periphery within the periphery that is Latin America." This volume challenges that characterization, taking one of the most innovative small states in the region and analyzing its transnational influence on the world. Uruguay in Transnational Perspective takes a broad look at the country’s three-hundred-year h...
The Colombian Peace Process and the Principle of Complementarity of the International Criminal Court
Striking a balance between peace and justice has long been debated by scholars and practitioners. There has been definite progress in a world in which blanket amnesties were at times granted with little hesitation. There is a growing understanding that accountability has both pragmatic and principled arguments in its favor. Practical arguments as much as shifts in norms have created a situation in which the choice is increasingly seen as "which forms of accountability" rather than a stark one between peace and justice. The Colombian Justice and Peace Law 975 and its implementation offer an interesting and unique approach to dealing with the international crimes committed in Colombia’s decades-long armed conflict. Yet, will this approach suffice with regard to Colombia’s obligations under international law to investigate and prosecute international crimes? Does it meet the standards of the ICC, which has been monitoring the Colombian situation for some time now? In particular, does it pass the complementarity test laid out in the ICC statute or will the ICC have to intervene in Colombia to enforce international criminal law?
Vigilantes beyond Borders
How and why NGOs are increasingly taking independent and direct action in global law enforcement, from human rights to the environment Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have generally served as advocates and service providers, leaving enforcement to states. Now, NGOs are increasingly acting as private police, prosecutors, and intelligence agencies in enforcing international law. NGOs today can be found investigating and gathering evidence; suing and prosecuting governments, companies, and individuals; and even catching lawbreakers red-handed. Examining this trend, Vigilantes beyond Borders considers why some transnational groups have opted to become enforcers of international law regardin...
Amnesties, Pardons and Transitional Justice
In a consolidated democracy, amnesties and pardons do not sit well with equality and a separation of powers; however, these measures have proved useful in extreme circumstances, such as transitions from dictatorships to democracies, as has occurred in Greece, Portugal and Spain. Focusing on Spain, this book analyses the country's transition, from the antecedents from 1936 up to the present, within a comparative European context. The amnesties granted in Greece, Portugal and Spain saw the release of political prisoners, but in Spain amnesty was also granted to those responsible for the grave violations of human rights which had been committed for 40 years. The first two decades of the democra...
Transitional Justice and the Politics of Inscription
Taking Northern Ireland as its primary case study, this book applies the burgeoning literature in memory studies to the primary question of transitional justice: how shall societies and individuals reckon with a traumatic past? Joseph Robinson argues that without understanding how memory shapes, moulds, and frames narratives of the past in the minds of communities and individuals, theorists and practitioners may not be able to fully appreciate the complex, emotive realities of transitional political landscapes. Drawing on interviews with what the author terms "memory curators," coupled with a robust analysis of secondary literature from a range of transitional cases, the book analyses how th...
Decir desaparecido(s) II
Decir desaparecido(s) II Análisis transculturales de la desaparición forzada indaga en los diversos géneros literarios que representan la desaparición forzada de personas. El libro analiza, a partir de un estudio introductorio y de 18 capítulos, la traslación del concepto desaparecidos desde Argentina a otros territorios afectados por la violencia. Lo hace profundizando en cinco nudos de conflicto que tienen como arterias principales las formas de la desaparición (muerte, apropiación de niños, exilio) y de la aparición (recuperación de restos, fantasmas, propuesta artísticas); los agentes (perpetradores, delatores) y los territorios. A diferencia del volumen anterior, que abordaba la comparación entre España y Argentina, en este se extiende la investigación a la respuesta literaria de países como Chile, Uruguay, Colombia, El Salvador o México.
Umkämpfte Menschenrechte
Nach dem Militärputsch in Argentinien 1976 wurde das Verschwindenlassen von Regimegegner*innen durch geheime Militär- und Polizeieinheiten zu einer massiv angewandten Repressionspraxis. In ihrer Verzweiflung wandten sich die Angehörigen der Verschwundenen an die katholische Kirche, doch nur wenige Bischöfe stellten sich auf die Seite der Opfer. Auch die ambiguen offiziellen Stellungnahmen der Bischofskonferenz waren für Menschenrechtsorganisationen wie die Madres de Plaza de Mayo eine herbe Enttäuschung. Barbara Rupflin untersucht sowohl die Konflikte um die Positionierung der Amtskirche als auch die kirchliche Praxis angesichts der Menschenrechtsverletzungen. Zudem beleuchtet die Historikerin die Aktionen von Katholik*innen, die sich mit den Antworten der Amtskirche nicht abfinden wollten und eigene Wege fanden, die Menschenrechtsfrage zum Teil kirchlicher Praxis werden zu lassen.
Der Marco jurídico para la paz und die Rolle der transitional justice in Kolumbien
Friedensvertrage mussen zum einen Anreize fur die Tater enthalten, damit diese bereit sind, den bewaffneten Konflikt zu beenden, und zum anderen die Grundlagen fur die Versohnung der zerstrittenen Gesellschaft und eine friedvolle Zukunft legen. Im jungsten kolumbianischen Friedensprozess wurde ein Prazedenzfall geschaffen, mit dem verfassungsrechtliche Anforderungen an die Regelung der Bestrafung von Verbrechen und die Wiedergutmachung fur die Opfer formuliert wurden. Niklas Eckhardt untersucht dieses Spannungsverhaltnis zwischen rechtsstaatlichen Anforderungen und den Herausforderungen des Friedensprozesses. Er entwickelt ein zur Rechtsprechung des kolumbianischen Verfassungsgerichts alternatives Modell, das anhand rechtlicher Massstabe offenlegt, dass ungerechtfertigte Amnestien fur Militars gewahrt werden. Dabei erlautert er, inwiefern Amnestien und Straffreistellungen mit dem geltenden Volkerrecht vereinbar sind.
Historical Dictionary of Human Rights
The second edition of Historical Dictionary of Human Rights explores both the theory and the practice of international human rights with a focus on the norms and institutions that make up the “architecture” of the global human rights regime and the tools, processes and procedures through which such norms are realized and “enforced.” Particular attention is given to the contextual political and sociological factors that shape and constrain the operation and functioning of international human rights institutions and their state and non-state actors. This is done through a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 1.000 cross-referenced entries on terminology, conventions, treaties, intergovernmental organizations in the United Nations, and non-governmental organizations, as well as some of the pioneers and defenders. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about human rights.
